Problems of False Consciousness

The second chapter takes up the harder case of false consciousness. It first attempts to show how the more limited methodology of its predecessor relates both to the three historical examples and to the long sweep of human ethical practice. Drawing on an account of the evolution of moral life (presented in The Ethical Project), it argues for the primacy of practices to address moral issues (to provide patterns for conduct). Ethical life emerges only when there are alternative ways for people to live, when the question “How to live?” acquires a significance. Ideals of the self provide answers to that question. False consciousness (in one important sense) arises when such ideals are denied to some groups of people.

East-West

Expansion of contemporary trade and information exchange relations does not seem to alter significantly the multi-layered requirements of inter-cultural communication. In a very important sense of this term, many of individual decisions related to communication in a multi-cultural environment are inevitably narrowed to single-context world. Only to some extent, this unavoidable limitation of communication on the verge of heterogeneous cultures may be overridden by omnipresent stereotypes and ad hoc generalizations. On a more advanced level of communication, it is the stereotypes that may foster the instances of miscommunication and lead to serious misunderstandings. In the paper, a short account on stereotypes in inter-cultural communication is going to be presented, with some examples of actual instances of miscommunication in Japanese-Polish corporate environment. A proposition of a systematized approach towards the issues and intricacies of Japanese-Polish communication will follow.

What are some ways to sustain your relationship?

There are many activities that you can enjoy with your loved one. Visiting museums, attending the theater, watching movies, and listening to music are just a few. You may both enjoy having a massage, strolling on a nature walk, or filling in an adult coloring book—even if you never pursued such pastimes before. Exercise is good for everyone and is a wonderful way to spend time with your loved one. Most people enjoy the touch and warmth of human contact and, for couples, sexual intimacy can be an important aspect of your relationship. Lastly, participating in meaningful activities—including research, advocacy, and providing support to others—can provide an important sense of purpose in life for you and your loved one.

What Is Our Most Important Sense?

For most people, vision is their most important sense. Indeed, vision is crucial in many situations of our daily lives—like reading this article. Additionally, a large part of the human brain is dedicated to processing visual information, while information from the other senses is processed in much smaller brain regions. However, we should not forget about the importance of our other senses too quickly. Each sense provides us with unique information about ourselves and the world. In other words, each sense captures a different aspect of reality. If we understand this, we can start to appreciate the richness and diversity of our sensory abilities in a new way. We can be grateful that we have all of our senses and that they give us such a diverse access to the world.

EKPHRASTIC DISCOURSE IN R. M. RILKE “THE NOTEBOOKS OF MALTE LAURIDS BRIGGE”

В статье рассматривается экфрастический дискурс в романе Р. М. Рильке «Записки Мальте Лауридса Бригге» (1910), который является единственным прозаическим произведением австрийского поэта.При создании собственного художественного мира поэт активно обращается к предшествующей культуре: это и библейская философская, и поэтическая традиция, средневековые мотивы и образы, философские идеи немецких и датских философов, французская литературная и изобразительная традиция, русская духовная культура и поэзия. Особое место в формировании поэтического мира Р. М. Рильке занимают произведения изобразительного и декоративно-прикладного искусства. Экфрастический дискурс является основой для философских и поэтических размышлений, отправной точкой в исследовании проблемы творчества.Анализируя роман «Записки Мальте Лауридса Бригге», автор статьи обращается к особенностям концепции «вещи» в художественном универсуме поэта и прослеживает взаимосвязь и влияние изобразительного искусства на формирование концепции «вещи», а также выявляет функцию экфрастического дискурса в поэтике романа. Экфрастический дискурс, обращение к произведениям изобразительного и декоративно-прикладного искусства, в романе основан на аллюзиях и реминисценциях, он служит воплощению главной темы произведения, связанной с внутренними поисками главного героя. Произведения искусства, таким образом, являются в романе важнейшими смыслообразующими элементами. Кроме того, обращаясь к реально существующим произведениям искусства прошлых столетий, автор романа придает внутренним поискам героя вневременной, универсальный характер. The article examines the ekphrastic discourse in the novel by R. M. Rilke «The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge» (1910), which is the only prose work of the Austrian poet. When creating his own artistic world, the poet actively turns to the previous culture: this is the biblical philosophical and poetic tradition, medieval motives and images, and the philosophical ideas of the German and Danish philosophers, French literary and visual tradition, Russian spiritual culture and poetry. A special place in the formation of the poetic world of R.M. Rilke is occupied with the works of fine and decorative arts. Ekphrastic discourse is the basis for philosophical and poetic reflections, the starting point in the study of the problem of creativity. Analyzing the novel «The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge», the author of the article refers to the peculiarities of the concept of «thing» in the artistic universe of the poet and traces the relationship and influence of fine art on the formation of the concept of «thing», and also reveals the function of ekphrastic discourse in the poetics of the novel. Ekphrastic discourse, an appeal to works of fine and decorative-applied art in the novel fulfill the roles of both allusions and reminiscences, and serves as the embodiment of the main theme of the work, connected with the inner searches of the protagonist. Thus, works of art are the most important sense-forming elements in the novel. In addition, referring to real-life works of art of the past centuries, the author of the novel gives the hero’s inner search a timeless, universal character.

Forgiving as a Performative Utterance

When A wrongs B, A incurs an obligation to make atonement to B by apologizing with repentance, making reparation, and perhaps also doing a bit more for B, which I call “penance.” For B to forgive A (in the morally most important sense of “forgive”) is for B to promise to treat A in the future as someone who has not wronged B. It is normally good for B to forgive A after A has made at least some attempt at making atonement, but B has no obligation to forgive. To wrong someone is analogous to occurring an (unauthorized) debt to the person, and forgiving is deeming the debt to have been paid. Christ taught that, in order to forgive humans, God requires them to apologize with repentance. But God requires no reparation or penance (apart from that provided for us by Christ’s life and death) and imposes a condition on forgiving us—that we should forgive other humans who seek our forgiveness.

What are some ways to sustain your relationship?

There are many activities that you can enjoy with your loved one. Visiting museums, attending the theater, watching movies, and listening to music are just a few. You may both enjoy having a massage, strolling on a nature walk, or filling in an adult coloring book—even if you never pursued such pastimes before. Exercise is good for everyone and is a wonderful way to spend time with your loved one. Most people enjoy the touch and warmth of human contact and, for couples, sexual intimacy can be an important aspect of your relationship. Lastly, participating in meaningful activities—including research, advocacy, and providing support to others—can provide an important sense of purpose in life for you and your loved one.

“A Conceptual Study of Drishti in Ayurvedic and Modern point of view”.

There are five sense organs (Panch Gyanendriya) mentioned in Ayurvedic Samhitas i.e. eye (chakshu), ear (shrota), nose (ghrana), tongue (rasana) and skin (twak). One of these is eye (Drishti) which is most important sense organ in our body. Acharya Sushruta the eminent Ayurveda region, has described the Drishti very accurately in his treatise Sushruta Samhita. There are six Netra Patala told in Ayurvedic classics which can be anatomically correlated with different layers of eyes as explained in modern ophthalmology. Drishti is a controversial word in Shalakya Tantra, a lot of meanings of Drishti have been taken in the Sushruta Samhita1. So Drishti can be simply considered as the functional unit of eye, which performs vision. It is not mere an anatomical structure but the composition of all the essential dhatus of internal eyeball. In ancient Ayurvedic scriptures have explained Netra Rachna Sharir and Kriya Sharir in a beautiful descriptive manner, still there is need of exploring the terminologies for proper understanding of pathogenesis of Netra Rogas and their managements so that implementation of Ayurvedic concepts can be done in eradication of Drishtigata Rogas in a fruitful manner to serve the humanity.

Opposition of Civilizations and the Role of State in the Era of Multipolar World

To study long-term socio-economic processes and the factors that determine them, two methods, two approaches are usually used at the present time: the theory of the cyclic change of world economic structures (WES) and the theory of the evolution of civilizations. In the theory of civilizations, attention is focused mainly on the factors that have the most long – ​term impact on economic and social processes, namely, on value-sense factors and the principles of the structure of society. The current spiritual, ideological, and geopolitical opposition – ​the confrontation between the American-style approach to globalization and the multipolar world (MPW) – ​can be seen as the most important engine and threat to historical development. The purpose of the article is to describe this confrontation in the language of the theory of civilizations. The article describes the civilizational turning point, the transformation of Christian Western Europe into the civilization of the capitalist West. The main task of this transformation was to eliminate all the traditional highest senses and ethical restrictions for the domination of the capital accumulation attitude and the ideology of individualistic liberalism. The article presents some features of the MPW that allow us to consider it (along with the concept of transition to a new, integral WES) as an emerging new civilization, an alternative to the civilization of the West. The leaders of the development of the new civilization are Russia and China. In these civilizations, the most important sense center is the state. In Russia, the focus on perfecting and heightening the status of the state can largely compensate for the decline of spiritual and ideological factors. This article is a continuation of the articles (Volkonsky, 2018; Volkonsky, Gavrilets, Kudrov, 2020).

Why Berlin? Why Klezmer?

This book begins with an invocation of the sounds and significations that make up the complex of meanings of klezmer music in Berlin, as seen through a new jam session that began in the city in 2013. It underlines the importance of locating the music both historically and in its contemporary urban context—giving a brief but important sense of the past and present geographies of klezmer music, and also signaling exactly where and how the debate has significantly moved on from the anxieties of “virtual Judaism” and cultural appropriation. The chapter lays out the author’s methodology, as well as signposting certain theoretical frameworks that structure the narrative: the urban spatial critique of Lefebvre and de Certeau; British cultural studies work by Stuart Hall and others; the applied sociology of Adam Krims and Mark Granovetter; and the ethnomusicological framing of Mark Slobin and Martin Stokes. The chapter finishes with an appealing ethnographic snapshot of an evening of community music making, “the Night of the Singing Balconies”—an event that sums up several of the themes structuring this book. This collective concert is analyzed as a lively embodiment of contemporary Berlin performative culture: grassroots inclusivity; a firm belief in the power of enthusiasm over the necessity of talent; and a structural and ideological integration into the fabric of the city itself. The engaging observational style with which the Singing Balconies are described not only brings the night to life but also makes clear the book’s overall approach of ethnographic detail underpinned by solid theoretical framing.