scholarly journals Relationships Among the Feeding Behaviors of a Mirid Bug on Cotton Leaves of Different Ages and Plant Biochemical Substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Song ◽  
Zhaoke Dong ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Zengbin Lu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mirid Bug ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) tends to feed on young plant tissues. To explore the relationship between stylet probing behaviors of adult A. lucorum and conditions of cotton leaves, we conducted an experiment using electropenetrography (EPG). Behaviors were recorded on four cotton varieties, in relation to thickness and biochemical traits of differently-aged leaves. Cotton leaf age had a significant effect on the probing behavior of A. lucorum but cotton variety did not. One-day-old leaves of A. lucorum received the highest mean number of stylet probes (penetrations) per insect, and longest mean durations per insect of combined stylet probing or its components, cell rupture and ingestion behaviors. All of the leaf traits (thickness and biochemical substances) were similar among these four cotton varieties. Leaf thickness had a significantly negative effect on the same four variables above. Gossypol and tannin also had a negative impact on combined probing duration. Redundancy analysis showed that the four EPG variables were closely related to nutrient substances (amino acids, sugar, and water) while they had the opposite relationship with plant defense substances (gossypol and tannin). On cotton in the seedling stages, A. lucorum fed more readily on the youngest, thinnest leaves in our no-choice EPG experiments. Nutrients and chemical resistance substances determined the probing duration of A. lucorum. Our findings can contribute to better understanding of patterns of feeding and host consumption by A. lucorum, ultimately improving cotton resistance to A. lucorum.

The neighborhood effect of online reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-283
Author(s):  
Dong Liang ◽  
Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Neighborhood Effect ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Online reviews have been indicated to play an important role in consumers’ decision-making process, as supported by numerous studies. However, none of them has considered the neighborhood effect of online reviews. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of neighbor store’s reviews on central store’s, along with the moderating effects of store density and product similarity. Design/methodology/approach Using data from dianping.com, this study conducts economic analysis accounting for endogeneity. Findings The results show that the neighbor store’s reviews exert a negative impact on that of central stores. Nevertheless, the relationship is moderated by store density and product similarity, such that the negative effect is stronger if there are a lot of stores around the central store, or if the neighbor store and central store provide similar products. Originality/value This study is the first to investigate the neighborhood effect of online reviews.

THE DISPOSITION EFFECT, ESCALATION OF COMMITMENT AND HERDING BEHAVIOR OF MUTUAL FUND MANAGERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550003
Author(s):  
YU-EN LIN ◽  
HSIANG-HSUAN CHIH ◽  
TAI-HSUN HUANG ◽  
CHIA-HSIEN TANG
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fund Performance ◽  
Escalation Of Commitment ◽  
Herding Behavior ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Deposition Effect ◽  
Investment Portfolios ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between deposition effect and escalation of commitment and herding behavior. First, this paper ranks the mutual fund into five groups by herding style, and we examine deposition spread (DISP) and escalation of commitment dispread (ESCA) zero investment portfolios in each herding style portfolio. Then, we investigate whether the paper gain ratio or paper loss ratio impacts on herding behavior after controlling other characteristics. Our results can be summarized as follow: First, deposition effect and escalation of commitment has negative impact on mutual fund performance. Second, in buy herding style fund, the deposition effect and escalation of commitment has the most negative impact on performance, however, in sell herding style fund, the negative effect disappears. Finally, we find the deposition effect indeed impacts the herding behavior.

scholarly journals LIFE AS A JOURNEY: A VIEW OF LIFE AS A JOURNEY MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE AGE AND SUBJECTIVE HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S454-S455
Author(s):  
Ga-Eun (Grace) Oh
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Difficult Situations

Abstract Previous research has shown the relationship of subjective age and health status: feeling younger than one’s age is correlated with better health outcomes including both subjective and objective measures. This research investigates how the view of life as a journey might moderate the relationship between subjective age and subjective health. A view to look at life as a journey is a common metaphor to view life as an ongoing process. Prior work has suggested that people who went through difficult situations successfully tend to construe their life experience as a journey. This suggests that thinking of life as a journey might help people cope better with their negative experiences in general such as feeling older. Thus, we investigate to see if believing ‘life as a journey’ can buffer against the negative effect of feeling older on subjective health perception. To test this, we collected the data from American participants (N = 724) of various ages. The results showed that more life was viewed as a journey, smaller the detrimental effect of subjective age on subjective health. Although feeling older generally reduced subjective health, this negative effect of feeling older was smaller among those who thought life as a journey. This research suggests that thinking life as a journey might be used to reduce the negative impact of older subjective age on health perceptions.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Getachew Wollie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
The Relationship

Since both inflation and economic growth are not a new concept rather their relationships are waited still now as a debatable issue among macro-economists, policy makers, policy analysts, politicians and even the population itself by giving their own analysis by conduct a research and assumption based on the trend as before. Basically, the aims of this seminar paper are to review the relationship between inflation and economic growth as well as to review the causes, sources, determinants and impacts of Ethiopian inflation. Most of the studies indicated above shown that, higher and volatile inflation is bad for the economy. On the other hand, lower and stable inflation is considered as a promoter of the economy. Then the question should focus on what level of inflation is harmful to economic growth? Many economists have made researches on estimating the threshold level of inflation using panel data for a number of countries and time-series data for single country cases and these researchers fix the threshold level of inflation for both developing and developed country. But in this seminar paper, quantifying or fix the exact number of threshold level of Ethiopian inflation and decide below this level inflation has a positive effect on growth and beyond this level it has negative impact on growth is very difficult by simply review previous literature without conducting actual research and make a deep analysis. Even if it is the case, based on the literature it is surely possible to conclude the inflation rate has a serious negative effect on the growth of one country’s economy especially in Ethiopia, if inflation has a double digit of an annual growth.

Perceived over-qualification of primary school teachers and its impact on career satisfaction—A empirical study based on the survey data

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092110032
Author(s):  
Yawen Su ◽  
Moyan Li ◽  
Guofu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the Personality-Job Fit Theory (PJFT), the mismatch of personality-job may cause over-qualification, and perceived over-qualification (POQ) may have a negative impact and affect career satisfaction (CS). This study conducted a questionnaire survey of 404 elementary school teachers in Fujian Province, China, and used the Two-way ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis to research primary school teachers’ POQ and the relationship between POQ and CS. The results of empirical research show that primary school teachers’ POQ is at the medium level. POQ of primary school teachers has a negative effect on CS, while professional self-identity (PSI) has the mediating effect on the relationship between POQ and CS. In addition, the study also found that new primary school teachers with high educational qualification have a relatively higher POQ, while older primary school teachers with low educational qualification have a relatively lower POQ.

scholarly journals Multiplicative effects of the gaps of rationality

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Multiplicative Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Investment Multiplier

The author examines the negative impact of rationality gaps on the country’s economic development and economic security. The relationship between the gaps of rationality and the mechanism of the investment multiplier is analyzed. The article defines the notion of «the gap of rationality,» three types of the gaps of rationality. The definition of the effects of the multiplier and the accelerator of investment is given. It is indicated that the relationship between the multiplier and the accelerator of investments is complex, fractal in nature. Inside the mechanism of the investment multiplier there are components, both strengthening and weakening its effect. It is revealed that people with irrational behavior do not realize their irrationality. With the gaps of rationality, people can realize the irrationality of their behavior, but they continue to behave irrationally. The gaps of rationality lie in the fact that the goal is not a sufficient reason for carrying out actions. Decision-making does not automatically mean the appropriate action. Even after making a decision and starting the action, we can not expect that it will automatically end. The article proves that the multiplicative effect enhances the negative impact of rationality gaps on the economy. Specific directions of this influence are considered depending on the type of the gaps of rationality. For each direction, the negative effect of the multiplier effect generated by the gaps of rationality is described. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the negative impact of human irrationality on economic processes must be studied in conjunction with the spread of multiplicative effects in the economy. Keywords: the multiplier of autonomous spending; the accelerator o

Control Mechanisms and the Relationship Life Cycle: Implications for Safeguarding Specific Investments and Developing Commitment

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy D. Jap ◽  
Shankar Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Relational Norms ◽  
Decline Phase ◽  
Specific Investments ◽  
Supplier Performance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Powerful suppliers often require retailers to make significant idiosyncratic investments to improve coordination between organizations and to enhance the supplier's presence in the end market. The authors examine how a retailer might better manage the hold-up potential of these transaction-specific investments (TSIs) through the use of three control mechanisms: supplier's TSIs, the development of relational norms, and the use of explicit contracts. Moreover, the authors consider the time-dependent nature of these mechanisms by observing their effects on commitment over the course of a relationship life cycle. The results indicate that (1) a retailer's TSIs have a negative effect on its perceptions of supplier commitment; (2) a supplier's TSIs and relational norms increase the retailer's perception of supplier commitment, whereas explicit contracts are associated with perceptions of lower supplier commitment; and (3) each of the three control mechanisms moderates the negative impact of retailer investments on perceptions of supplier commitment contingent on the relationship phase. Specifically, bilateral TSIs enhance commitment in the exploration phase and a positive effect during the decline phase. The results also indicate that the retailer's perceptions of supplier commitment are positively related to its evaluation of supplier performance and satisfaction and negatively related to conflict.

Does effects of brand origin misperception jeopardize brand equity?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Hsiang Tseng ◽  
Nga Cheng Chan ◽  
Matthew Tingchi Liu ◽  
Chieh-Yu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Brand Strength ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of brand origin (BO) misperception (hereafter BOM) or non-identification on brand equity. Besides, the current study investigates the moderating role of brand strength in the relationship between BOM and brand equity.Design/methodology/approachThe current study adopted a 4 (BO identification: favorable BOM vs adverse BOM vs non-identification vs correct identification) × 2 (brand strength: strong vs weak) between-subjects design. A total number of 547 participants performed assessments on the automotive brand. The current study selected three strong brands and three weak brands for tests. In the experiment, respondents had to associate the brand with its country of origin. The assignment of BO conditions was based upon respondents' natural responses provided. ANOVA was used for data analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that as compared to correct BO identification, BOM (either adverse or favorable) or non-identification exerts a more negative impact on brand equity. Moreover, the study demonstrates that brand strength moderates the effect of perceived BO on brand equity.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical support to the notion that BOM is detrimental to brand equity. Specifically, when adverse BOM occurs, a strong brand suffers more from the negative consequences resulted than a weak brand does. Conversely, when consumers misattribute the BO to a country with a stronger image than its real origin (i.e. favorable BOM), the resulting negative effect is reversed. Moreover, the non-identification of BO hurts the brand equity of both strong and weak brands.

The Relationship between Auditor Tenure and Audit Quality Implied by Going Concern Opinions

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Robert Knechel ◽  
Ann Vanstraelen
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
Auditor Tenure ◽  
Going Concern Opinion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

The debate continues about the relationship between auditor tenure and audit quality in spite of extensive empirical evidence examining audit failures, earnings management, and the issuance of auditor's opinions. Most recent evidence suggests that long auditor tenure does not have a negative impact on audit quality. However, most of the available evidence has been accumulated based on publicly listed companies in the U.S. We examine the effect of auditor tenure on audit quality for private companies in Belgium, an environment where we believe auditor tenure is more likely to have a negative effect on audit quality. We use the likelihood of an auditor issuing a going concern opinion as an indicator of audit quality. Using a sample of stressed bankrupt companies, and stressed nonbankrupt companies, the results indicate that auditors do not become less independent over time nor do they become better at predicting bankruptcy. In balance, the evidence for tenure either increasing or decreasing quality is weak.

scholarly journals La relación entre la captación de ingresos fiscales municipales y los recursos derivados de fuentes no tributarias tanto locales como externas en México

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Rodolfo VALENZUELA-REYNAGA ◽  
María Dolores MORENO-MILLANES
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Public Revenues

Municipal public revenues are classified as tax and non-tax. In this work, the relationship between the income that the municipalities receive through taxes and the rest of the components that integrate the total income is studied to establish to what extent the obtaining of resources whose origin is of non-tax origin affects the generation of local tax revenue. A data panel consisting of 310observations is used for each variable and a multiple regression model with fixed effects is used considering financial information of the 31 municipalities that are capitals of the federal entities in Mexico for the period 2008 - 2017. The results suggest that resources from federal and state transfers have a negative impact on the income levels obtained through municipal taxes. Likewise, the negative localized relationship between the contracting of public debt and the own fiscal resources could suppose a relaxation of the municipal collection policy. Finally, data on other income derived from local sources of non-tax origin such as rights, products and uses show a negative effect on the collection of income from tax collection.

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