Metabolic variations of organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids and aroma compounds in the pulp of different pummelo varieties

Traditionally, the supplement of organic manure in tea plantations has been a common approach to improving soil fertility and promoting terroir compounds, as manifested by the coordinated increase in yield and quality for the resulting teas. However, information regarding the effect of organic manure in the metabolome of tea plants is still inadequate. The metabolite profiles of tea shoots applied with cow manure, urea or no fertilizer were studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In total, 73 metabolites were detected, and the modulated metabolites included mainly amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. In particular, glutamine, quinic acid and proline accumulated more in tea shoots in soils treated with cow manure, but octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid were drastically reduced. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that organic acids and amino acids in tea shoots were the two major metabolite groups among the three treatments. The analysis of metabolic pathways demonstrated that the cow manure treatment significantly changed the enrichment of pathways related to amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Sensory evaluation showed that the quality of green teas was higher when the plants used to make the tea were grown in soil treated with cow manure rather than urea during spring and late summer. The results indicated that the application of cow manure in soils changed the metabolic characteristics of tea shoots and improved the qualities of the resulting teas.

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Hepatic Metabolic Profile Reveals the Adaptive Mechanisms of Ewes to Severe Undernutrition during Late Gestation

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo8040085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yanfeng Xue ◽

Changzheng Guo ◽

Fan Hu ◽

Junhua Liu ◽

Shengyong Mao

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Metabolic Pattern ◽

Adaptive Mechanisms

The mechanisms underlying the adaption of liver metabolism to the undernutrition in ewes during late gestation remain unclear. This research aimed to explore the adaptive mechanisms of liver metabolism by hepatic metabolome analysis in pregnant ewes to the negative energy balance induced by severe feed restriction. Twenty ewes carrying multiple fetuses and gestating for 115 days were fed normally or restricted to a 30% feed level (10 ewes in each group) for 15 days. All ewes were sacrificed and hepatic samples were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both the principal components analysis and partial least squares of discriminant analysis of hepatic metabolites showed the clear separation between ewes in the control and severely feed-restricted groups. The metabolic profile demonstrated that the proportions of differential metabolites between the two groups in fatty acids and lipids, organic acids, and amino acids and derivatives were 61.11%, 16.67%, and 11.11%, respectively. Enriched pathways of differential metabolites were mainly involved in fatty acids and amino acids metabolism and biosynthesis. Correlation networks of differential metabolites revealed that general metabolic pattern was changed apparently and mainly based on fatty acids and lipids in the livers of feed-restricted ewes. The accumulation and oxidation of long-chain fatty acids were intensified in the livers of feed-restricted ewes, while those of medium-chain fatty acids were the opposite. In general, severe feed restriction significantly affected the levels of hepatic metabolites and altered the overall metabolic pattern. Furthermore, fatty acids oxidation as well as the utilization of amino acids and organic acids were intensified to adapt to the negative energy balance during late gestation.

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Biochemistry of Vegetables: Major Classes of Primary (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Vitamins, and Organic Acids) and Secondary Metabolites (Terpenoids, Phenolics, Alkaloids, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds) in Vegetables

Handbook of Vegetables and Vegetable Processing ◽

10.1002/9780470958346.ch2 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 23-58

Author(s):

N. Hounsome ◽

B. Hounsome

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Sulfur Containing ◽

Sulfur Containing Compounds

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INFLUENCE OF APPLIED NITROGEN ON THE NONVOLATILE ORGANIC, FATTY, AND AMINO ACIDS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-069 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 489-496

Author(s):

WILLIAM A. COURT ◽

J. M. ELLIOT ◽

JOHN G. HENDEL

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

Protein Amino Acids

A field experiment was conducted in 1974 and 1975 on Fox loamy sand in Ontario to study the effects of different rates (0, 22.4, 44.8, and 67.2 kg/ha) of N fertilization on the nonvolatile organic acids, fatty acids, and protein amino acids of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ’Delhi 34’). Nitrogen fertilization increased the concentration of the nonvolatile organic acids and amino acids, except oxalic acid and methionine. Increasing the rate of N fertilization decreased individual fatty acids except myristic and linolenic acids. The nonvolatile organic acids decreased with ascending stalk position but the reverse was true for the amino acids. Fatty acids did not change significantly with stalk position.

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Extraction and Natural Bioactive Molecules Characterization in Spinach, Kale and Purslane: A Comparative Study

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2515

Author(s):

Boris Nemzer ◽

Fadwa Al-Taher ◽

Nebiyu Abshiru

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Strong Basis ◽

Leafy Greens ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Phytochemical Compounds

Leafy green vegetables contain essential nutrients and are frequently consumed for their perceived health benefits. The purpose of this study was to profile the nutritional and natural bioactive phytochemical compounds extracted from freeze-dried spinach and kale and compare them with our previously published freeze-dried purslane results. Novel research suggests that these leafy greens contain an abundance of fatty acids, amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, and minerals, which can reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. LC-MS/MS screening identified 69 and 103 compounds in spinach and kale, respectively, including flavonoids, glucosinolates, and phenolic and organic acids. Out of a total of 26 flavonoids identified in the current study, only three were found in spinach. All three leafy greens showed nutritional and health benefits and the unique phytochemical compounds found only in purslane provide a strong basis to incorporate its distinct dietary benefits.

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