Fracture dominant in friction stir spot welded joint between 6061 aluminum alloy and galvannealed steel based on microscale tensile testing

2A12-T4 aluminum alloy was friction stir spot welded, and the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. A softened microstructural region existed in the joint, and it consisted of stir zone (SZ), thermal mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and heat affected zone (HAZ). The minimum hardness was located in TMAZ, and the average hardness value in SZ can be improved by appropriately increasing welding heat input. The area of complete bonding region at the interface increased with increasing welding heat input because more interface metals were mixed. In a certain range of FSSW parameters, the tensile shear failure load of the joint increased with increasing rotation speed, but it decreased with increasing plunge rate or decreasing shoulder plunging depth. Two kinds of failure modes, that is, shear fracture mode and tensile-shear mixed fracture mode, can be observed in the tensile shear tests, and the joint that failed in the tensile-shear mixed fracture mode possessed a high carrying capability.

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Static strength of friction welded joint of 6061 aluminum alloy to SUS304 stainless steel.

Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals ◽

10.2464/jilm.46.500 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 500-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hiizu OCHI ◽

Koichi OGAWA ◽

Yoshiaki YAMAMOTO ◽

Shigeki HASHINAGA ◽

Yasuo SUGA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Welded Joint ◽

Static Strength ◽

6061 Aluminum Alloy ◽

Sus304 Stainless Steel

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Fracture mechanism of refill friction stir spot-welded 2024-T4 aluminum alloy

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽

10.1007/s00170-015-8276-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (5-8) ◽

pp. 1925-1932 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Zhengwei Li ◽

Shude Ji ◽

Yinan Ma ◽

Peng Chai ◽

Yumei Yue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Fracture Mechanism ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Spot Welded

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Microstructure and morphology evolution of probeless friction stir spot welded joints of aluminum alloy

Journal of Materials Processing Technology ◽

10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.09.003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 252 ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

W.Y. Li ◽

Q. Chu ◽

X.W. Yang ◽

J.J. Shen ◽

A. Vairis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Welded Joints ◽

Morphology Evolution ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Spot Welded

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Increasing of the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Introducing Alumina Particles

Advances in Materials Science ◽

10.1515/adms-2017-0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 29-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. A. Tashkandi ◽

J. A. Al-Jarrah ◽

M. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Base Metal ◽

Welded Joints ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Welding Process ◽

Welding Zone ◽

6061 Aluminum Alloy ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Alumina Particles ◽

Welding Line

AbstractThe main aim of this investigation is to produce a welding joint of higher strength than that of base metals. Composite welded joints were produced by friction stir welding process. 6061 aluminum alloy was used as a base metal and alumina particles added to welding zone to form metal matrix composites. The volume fraction of alumina particles incorporated in this study were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 vol% were added on both sides of welding line. Also, the alumina particles were pre-mixed with magnesium particles prior being added to the welding zone. Magnesium particles were used to enhance the bonding between the alumina particles and the matrix of 6061 aluminum alloy. Friction stir welded joints containing alumina particles were successfully obtained and it was observed that the strength of these joints was better than that of base metal. Experimental results showed that incorporating volume fraction of alumina particles up to 6 vol% into the welding zone led to higher strength of the composite welded joints as compared to plain welded joints.

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Evaluation of Tensile Strength and Fatigue Strength of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Friction Welded Joint

Journal of the Society of Materials Science Japan ◽

10.2472/jsms.51.9appendix_156 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 51 (9Appendix) ◽

pp. 156-161

Author(s):

Hiizu OCHI ◽

Takeshi SAWAI ◽

Yoshiaki YAMAMOTO ◽

Masayuki KURITA ◽

Koichi OGAWA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Fatigue Strength ◽

Welded Joint ◽

6061 Aluminum Alloy

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Characterization o Solid-State Vortices Associated with the Friction-Stir Welding of Copper to Aluminum

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600022777 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (S2) ◽

pp. 530-531

Author(s):

R. D. Flores ◽

L. E. Murr ◽

E. A. Trillo

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Friction Stir Welding ◽

Solid State ◽

Weld Zone ◽

Thick Plates ◽

6061 Aluminum Alloy ◽

Friction Stir ◽

The Past ◽

Joining Process

Although friction-stir welding has been developing as a viable industrial joining process over the past decade, only little attention has been given to the elucidation of associated microstructures. We have recently produced welds of copper to 6061 aluminum alloy using the technique illustrated in Fig. 1. In this process, a steel tool rod (0.6 cm diameter) or head-pin (HP) traverses the seam of 0.64 cm thick plates of copper butted against 6061-T6 aluminum at a rate (T in Fig. 1) of 1 mm/s; and rotating at a speed (R in Fig. 1) of 650 rpm (Fig. 1). A rather remarkable welding of these two materials results at temperatures measured to be around 400°C for 6061-T6 aluminum welded to itself. Consequently, the metals are stirred into one another by extreme plastic deformation which universally seems to involve dynamic recrystallization in the actual weld zone. There is no melting.

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