Do experienced physiotherapists and final year physiotherapy trainees apply similar force during posterior-to-anterior lumbar mobilization techniques?

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany H. Gagnon ◽  
Christian Longtin ◽  
Djamal Berbiche ◽  
Nathaly Gaudreault
Keyword(s):  
Similar Force

Mechanical Property Characterisation of Crystalline, Ion Implantation Amorphised and Annealed Relaxed Silicon with Spherical Indenters

1993 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Williams ◽  
J.S. Field ◽  
M.V. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Annealed Material ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Force Displacement ◽  
Similar Force ◽  
Continuous Loading

ABSTRACTSilicon single crystals have been ion implanted with Si ions at various energies and doses sufficient to achieve amorphisation to a depth of more than 1μm. This surface was subsequently annealed at 450°C for 30 minutes in vacuum to relax the implanted amorphous silicon. Mechanical properties of the different materials (crystalline, amorphous and annealed) were measured using a nominally 10 μm radius diamond tipped indenter and two indenting procedures; continuous loading and load partial-unloading. The crystalline material exhibited similar force-displacement behaviour to that observed by Weppelmann et al. [1] including a critical pressure to induce deformation on loading and a "pop-out" event during unloading. The amorphous and annealed materials showed a greater degree of plastic deformation but did not exhibit "pop-out" behaviour at lower loads (200 mN). The results are analysed to determine the difference of mean pressure with depth of penetration for all the materials. The onset of ductility was 5.5 to 6 GPa for the amorphous material and 10.9 GPa for the crystalline material. The depth dependence of hardness for the amorphous and annealed material showed substantial evidence of work hardening whereas the crystalline material did not.

scholarly journals Cases of integrability corresponding to the pendulummotion on the plane

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 91-113
Author(s):  
M.V. Shamolin
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Invariant Form ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Plane Parallel ◽  
Free Rigid Body ◽  
Parallel Motion ◽  
Tracking Force ◽  
Similar Force

In this article, we systemize the results on the study of plane-parallel motion equations of fixed rigid body-pendulum which is placed in certain nonconserva- tive force field. In parallel, we consider the problem of a plane-parallel motion of a free rigid body which is also placed in a similar force field. Thus, the non-conservative tracking force operates onto this body. That force forces the value of certain point of a body to be constant for all the time of a motion, which means the existence of nonintegrable servoconstraint in the system. The obtained results are systematized and served in the invariant form. We also show the nontrivial topological and mechanical analogies.

scholarly journals Will similar force magnitude cause differential tooth movement?

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Gargi Sivadasan ◽  
Arun. S. Urala ◽  
Kalyana Pentapati
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Similar Force

The River Ordeal in Israelite Literature

1973 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kyle McCarter
Keyword(s):  
Legal Cases ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Similar Force

In 1907, Édouard Dhorme first associated the term 'ēd in Gen. 2:6 with Sumerian id, “the cosmic river.” This identification accords well with the presumed Mesopotamian background to the Yahwistic creation account, and so has enjoyed wide acceptance. The term, as was quickly recognized, also occurs in Job 36:27 with similar force. That this name for the cosmic river was normally pronounced id in Akkadian as well as Sumerian is shown from syllabic spellings, so that the loan into Hebrew offers no linguistic difficulties. In the Mesopotamian materials, a primary function of id, the (divine) River, was, as is well known, to serve as judge in certain legal cases. Trial by river ordeal was a widespread phenomenon, in which the accused was plunged into the river, where his success in withstanding the rushing waters was supposed to determine his guilt or innocence.

Towards Reducing Risk of Injury in Nursing: Design and Analysis of a New Passive Exoskeleton for Torso Twist Assist

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Pranav Madhav Kuber ◽  
Ehsan Rashedi
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Patient Handling ◽  
Hospital Governance ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Passive Exoskeleton ◽  
General Work ◽  
Similar Force

Nursing is among the most physically challenging occupations and involves intensive lifting activities often including twisting of torso while performing tasks such as patient handling. Frequent and repetitive twisting of the body is known to induce large demands on the musculature, which may lead to MSD with direct and indirect costs to the hospital governance. One solution proposed through this article includes an exoskeleton specifically designed to assist in twisting movements of the trunk. This involves a double-actuator fully passive system that assists in rotation of the torso with the help of mechanical springs and cable modules. Our study provides a conceptual design of the mechanism, and a preliminary analysis using the concepts of kinematics, dynamics, usability, wearability, and freedom of movement. Results show that the mechanism could offer freedom of rotation for the wearer’s torso up to 52, 25 and 22 degrees (with stationary hip joint) along the transverse, sagittal and coronal planes, respectively. Moreover, similar force generation (up to 80N) was obtained in both actuators for same rotation on transverse plane in both directions for a combination of spring stiffness (0.5 – 1 N/mm) and damping (0.1 - 0.5 N-sec/mm) parameters. Our proposed design could also be integrated to the current exoskeletons in the form of a module and could be beneficial in more general work settings.

scholarly journals Differences in the force system delivered by different beta-titanium wires in elaborate designs

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Parsekian Martins ◽  
Sergei Godeiro Fernandes Rabelo Caldas ◽  
Alexandre Antonio Ribeiro ◽  
Luís Geraldo Vaz ◽  
Roberto Hideo Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Force System ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Force Systems ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Similar Force

Abstract Objective: Evaluation of the force system produced by four brands of b-Ti wires bent into an elaborate design. Methods: A total of 40 T-loop springs (TLS) hand-bent from 0.017 x 0.025-in b-Ti were randomly divided into four groups according to wire brand: TMATM(G1), BETA FLEXYTM (G2), BETA III WIRETM (G3) and BETA CNATM (G4). Forces and moments were recorded by a moment transducer, coupled to a digital extensometer indicator adapted to a testing machine, every 0.5 mm of deactivation from 5 mm of the initial activation. The moment-to-force (MF) ratio, the overlapping of the vertical extensions of the TLSs and the load-deflection (LD) ratio were also calculated. To complement the results, the Young's module (YM) of each wire was determined by the slope of the load-deflection graph of a tensile test. The surface chemical composition was also evaluated by an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Results: All groups, except for G2, produced similar force levels initially. G3 produced the highest LD rates and G1 and G4 had similar amounts of overlap of the vertical extensions of the TLSs in "neutral position". G1 and G3 delivered the highest levels of moments, and G2 and G3 produced the highest MF ratios. b-Ti wires from G3 produced the highest YM and all groups showed similar composition, except for G2. Conclusion: The four beta-titanium wires analyzed produced different force systems when used in a more elaborate design due to the fact that each wire responds differently to bends.

scholarly journals Self-similar force-free wind from an accretion disc

2007 ◽  
Vol 375 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Narayan ◽  
J. C. McKinney ◽  
A. J. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Accretion Disc ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Similar Force

Slowly relaxing caffeine responses in rat ventricle: relationships of ryanodine and caffeine actions

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. H1100-H1109
Author(s):  
D. W. Hilgemann ◽  
K. P. Roos ◽  
A. J. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Base Line ◽  
Calcium Store ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Rat Myocytes ◽  
Cardiac Excitation ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Rat Ventricle ◽  
Similar Force ◽  
Caffeine Contractures

Contractile responses to 20 mM caffeine were compared in arterially perfused rat right ventricle as tension, in intact rat myocytes as shortening, and in Triton X-100-"skinned" rat myocytes as shortening and stiffness. Responses in intact quiescent ventricle and membrane-disrupted myocytes at -log molar Ca concentration (pCa) of 7.0-6.8 were similar; force and stiffness rose quickly on application of caffeine and declined incompletely toward base line over 20 min. Subsequent caffeine responses were blunted. By contrast, in freshly isolated rat myocytes, rapid caffeine exposures induced large phasic contractures, which relaxed for the most part in 2-5 s. These responses were largely suppressed by 0.2 microM ryanodine pretreatment at 35 degrees C but not by high ryanodine concentrations (10 microM). Ryanodine was without effect on slowly relaxing contractile responses in both intact ventricle and Triton X-100-treated myocytes. The results are discussed in relation to the predicted effects of a calcium store leak in a simple model of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. The results suggest that slowly relaxing caffeine contractures can be caused entirely by direct actions of caffeine on myofilaments.

Simulations of Stretching Single Stranded DNA

2011 ◽  
Vol 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Yaroslava G. Yingling
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Folded Structure ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Force Profiles ◽  
Similar Force

ABSTRACTMolecular dynamics simulations were performed to estimate sequence dependent force required to stretch single stranded DNA (ssDNA) homo oligonucleotides. Simulations suggest that polyA and polyC oligonucleotides exhibit similar force profiles and corresponding elongation. Among single stranded DNA strands polyT is the most flexible and needs the most force to unwind from an equilibrium folded structure. In contrast, polyG had a very small recoverable deformation prior to a non-linear stretching. Our results indicate that mechanical properties of ssDNA chains are directly related to their sequence.

Effects of Concentric and Eccentric Strength Training on Fatigue Induced by Concentric and Eccentric Exercises

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lusa Cadore ◽  
Miriam González-Izal ◽  
Rafael Grazioli ◽  
Igor Setuain ◽  
Ronei Silveira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Torque Development ◽  
Similar Force

Purpose: To compare the concentric and eccentric training effects on fatigue induced by eccentric and concentric protocols. Methods: A total of 22 men and women (22 [3.6] y) were assigned to concentric (GCON, n = 11) or eccentric training (GECC, n = 11). The concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) protocols were composed of 4 sets of 20 knee-extension/flexion repetitions. Force losses were analyzed by comparing 10 repetitions’ mean torques during the protocols and by verifying the maximal voluntary contraction and rate of torque development before and after the protocols. Muscle damage was assessed using echo intensity of the vastus lateralis 48 h after the protocols. Training consisted of 6 wk of isokinetic exercise at 60°/s (concentric or eccentric) twice weekly. Results: Before training, both protocols resulted in dynamic and isometric force losses in GCON and GECC (P < .01), but the magnitude was greater after the CON protocol than after the ECC protocol (P < .001). After training, both GCON and GECC showed similar force decreases during the CON and ECC protocols (P < .01), and these changes were not different from the pretraining decreases. Regarding maximal voluntary contraction after training, GECC showed lower force decreases than GCON after ECC exercise (−13.7% vs −22.3%, respectively, P < .05), whereas GCON showed lower maximal voluntary contraction decreases after CON exercise compared with pretraining (−29.2%, P < .05). Losses in rate of torque development were similar after the protocols before and after the training regimens. No changes in echo intensity were observed after the protocols before and after training. Conclusion: Both interventions resulted in similar force decreases during fatigue protocols compared with those associated with pretraining.

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