Empirical Modelling of Wear Ratio during WEDM of Nimonic 263

Conventional UDS models are mechanistic which though appropriate for design purposes are less well suited to real-time control because they are slow running, difficult to calibrate, difficult to re-calibrate in real time and have trouble handling noisy data. At Salford University a novel hybrid of dynamic and empirical modelling has been developed, to combine the speed of the empirical model with the ability to simulate complex and non-linear systems of the mechanistic/dynamic models. This paper details the ‘knowledge acquisition module’ software and how it has been applied to construct a model of a large urban drainage system. The paper goes on to detail how the model has been linked with real-time radar data inputs from the MARS c-band radar.

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A Study of UVER in Santiago, Chile Based on Long-Term In Situ Measurements (Five Years) and Empirical Modelling

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 368

Author(s):

Lisdelys González-Rodríguez ◽

Amauri Pereira de Oliveira ◽

Lien Rodríguez-López ◽

Jorge Rosas ◽

David Contreras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Solar Spectrum ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Great Accuracy ◽

In Situ Measurements ◽

Uv Index ◽

Empirical Modelling ◽

The People

Ultraviolet radiation is a highly energetic component of the solar spectrum that needs to be monitored because is harmful to life on Earth, especially in areas where the ozone layer has been depleted, like Chile. This work is the first to address the long-term (five-year) behaviour of ultraviolet erythemal radiation (UVER) in Santiago, Chile (33.5° S, 70.7° W, 500 m) using in situ measurements and empirical modelling. Observations indicate that to alert the people on the risks of UVER overexposure, it is necessary to use, in addition to the currently available UV index (UVI), three more erythema indices: standard erythemal doses (SEDs), minimum erythemal doses (MEDs), and sun exposure time (tery). The combination of UVI, SEDs, MEDs, and tery shows that in Santiago, individuals with skin types III and IV are exposed to harmfully high UVER doses for 46% of the time that UVI indicates is safe. Empirical models predicted hourly and daily values UVER in Santiago with great accuracy and can be applied to other Chilean urban areas with similar climate. This research inspires future advances in reconstructing large datasets to analyse the UVER in Central Chile, its trends, and its changes.

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Smart cities financing system: An empirical modelling from the European context

Cities ◽

10.1016/j.cities.2021.103268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 103268

Author(s):

Mery Blanck ◽

José Luis Duarte Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Smart Cities ◽

Financing System ◽

Empirical Modelling ◽

European Context

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Friction and Wear of Oxide Scale Obtained on Pure Titanium after High-Temperature Oxidation

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14133764 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3764

Author(s):

Krzysztof Aniołek ◽

Adrian Barylski ◽

Marian Kupka

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Oxide Scale ◽

High Temperature Oxidation ◽

Friction And Wear ◽

High Carbon Steel ◽

Oxide Films ◽

Oxidation Temperature ◽

Temperature Oxidation ◽

Wear Ratio ◽

Steel Balls

High-temperature oxidation was performed at temperatures from 600 to 750 °C over a period of 24 h and 72 h. It was shown in the study that the oxide scale became more homogeneous and covered the entire surface as the oxidation temperature increased. After oxidation over a period of 24 h, the hardness of the produced layers increased as the oxidation temperature increased (from 892.4 to 1146.6 kgf/mm2). During oxidation in a longer time variant (72 h), layers with a higher hardness were obtained (1260 kgf/mm2). Studies on friction and wear characteristics of titanium were conducted using couples with ceramic balls (Al2O3, ZrO2) and with high-carbon steel (100Cr6) balls. The oxide films produced at a temperature range of 600–750 °C led to a reduction of the wear ratio value, with the lowest one obtained in tests with the 100Cr6 steel balls. Frictional contact of Al2O3 balls with an oxidized titanium disc resulted in a reduction of the wear ratio, but only for the oxide scales produced at 600 °C (24 h, 72 h) and 650 °C (24 h). For the ZrO2 balls, an increase in the wear ratio was observed, especially when interacting with the oxide films obtained after high-temperature oxidation at 650 °C or higher temperatures. The increase in wear intensity after titanium oxidation was also observed for the 100Cr6 steel balls.

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Empirical modelling and control of processes with recycle: some insights via case studies

Chemical Engineering Science ◽

10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00046-x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 3327-3340 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. Lakshminarayanan ◽

H. Takada

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Empirical Modelling ◽

And Control

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Habitat selection of sympatric Siberian Grouse and Hazel Grouse in natural and exploited forests of the lower Amur region

Ornis Fennica ◽

10.51812/of.113446 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 142-161

Author(s):

Tobias Ludwig ◽

Ralf Siano ◽

Alexander V. Andreev

Keyword(s):

Habitat Selection ◽

Russian Far East ◽

Far East ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Late Summer ◽

Breeding Habitat ◽

Empirical Modelling ◽

Hazel Grouse ◽

Pioneer Trees ◽

Selection Of

The Siberian Grouse (Falcipennis falcipennis), which is endemic to the “dark-needle” taiga of the Russian Far East, is one of the least studied grouse species in the world. We examined post-breeding habitat selection of Siberian Grouse and contrasted it with that of the better examined Hazel Grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) in two areas near Komsomolsk na Amure, Russia. To infer species-specific preferences, we used field sampling, logistic regression, and AIC model selection, and compared late summer habitats of Siberian Grouse and Hazel Grouse in a mountain- and hilly area in the dark needle taiga. Our study is the first to explain Siberian Grouse habitat relationships with an empirical modelling approach. Results indicate proportions of coniferous/ pioneer trees forest and rejuvenation to be the most important covariates separating Siberian and Hazel Grouse observation sites in forests from both areas. Siberian Grouse tended to select sites with low proportions of pioneer trees and rejuvenation but availability of dwarf shrubs. Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) appeared to be of high importance for the presence of Siberian Grouse in both regions. Hazel Grouse were common in places dominated by pioneer trees with high canopy cover, and high proportions of grass/herb cover. Hazel Grouse also occurred more often in forest sites with dense vertical layering and rejuvenation. Modern forestry, which results in increasing amounts of forests at younger successional stages, is likely to favour the Hazel Grouse at the expense of the Siberian Grouse.

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Polarization Characteristics to Wear Ratio of Anti-Fouling Paint

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1110.179 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1110 ◽

pp. 179-184

Author(s):

Kyung Man Moon ◽

Dong Hyun Park ◽

Yun Hae Kim ◽

Tae Sil Baek

Keyword(s):

Current Density ◽

Corrosion Potential ◽

Wear Test ◽

Life Time ◽

Point Of View ◽

Limiting Current ◽

Limiting Current Density ◽

Wear Ratio ◽

Polarization Characteristics ◽

Lower Variation

Recently, anti-fouling paints which does not include the poison components such as tin (Sn) free, copper (Cu) free have been increasingly developed in order to decrease the contamination of marine environment. Moreover, the wear ratios of these anti-fouling paints are very important problem to prolong their life time in economical and environmental point of view. In this study, four types of anti-fouling paints as self-polishing type were investigated on the relationship between their polarization characteristics and wear ratios. Relationship between wear ratio and variation ratio of polarization resistance measured in corrosion potential was not well matched with each other. However, there was a good agreement between the wear ratio and variation ratio of diffusion limiting current density, for example, the higher or the lower variation ratio of diffusion limiting current density, wear ratio also increased or decreased respectively. Consequently, it is suggested that we can qualitatively expect the life time and wear degree of anti-fouling paint by only measuring the polarization characteristics before the wear test is practically performed in the field.Keywords: Anti-fouling paint, Self-polishing type, Polarization characteristics, Wear ratio, Diffusion limiting current density, Corrosion Potential

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