Spillover of Newcastle disease viruses from poultry to wild birds in Guangdong province, southern China

ABSTRACTNewcastle disease (ND), caused by the virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important viral diseases of birds globally, but little is currently known regarding enzootic trends of NDV in northeastern China, especially for class I viruses. Thus, we performed a surveillance study for NDV in northeastern China from 2013 to 2015. A total 755 samples from wild and domestic birds in wetlands and live bird markets (LBMs) were collected, and 10 isolates of NDV were identified. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that five isolates from LBMs belong to class I subgenotype 1b, two (one from wild birds and one from LBMs) belong to the vaccine-like class II genotype II, and three (all from wild birds) belong to class II subgenotype Ib. Interestingly, the five class I isolates had epidemiological connections with viruses from southern, eastern, and southeastern China. Our findings, together with recent prevalence trends of class I and virulent class II NDV in China, suggest possible virus transmission between wild and domestic birds and the potential for an NDV epidemic in the future.

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Adaptation of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Feral Birds and their Potential Role in Interspecies Transmission

The Open Virology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874357901812010052 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 52-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aziz-ul- Rahman ◽

Momena Habib ◽

Muhammad Zubair Shabbir

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease ◽

Potential Role ◽

Vital Role ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Avian Species ◽

Phylogenomic Analysis ◽

Susceptible Host ◽

Domestic Poultry ◽

Wide Range

Introduction:Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1, avulaviruses), is a notifiable disease throughout the world due to the economic impact on trading restrictions and its embargoes placed in endemic regions. The feral birds including aquatic/migratory birds and other wild birds may act as natural reservoir hosts of ND Viruses (NDVs) and may play a remarkable role in the spread of the virus in environment. In addition, other 19 avulaviruses namely: AAvV 2 to 20, have been potentially recognized from feral avian species.Expalantion:Many previous studies have investigated the field prevailing NDVs to adapt a wide range of susceptible host. Still the available data is not enough to declare the potential role of feral birds in transmission of the virus to poultry and/or other avian birds. In view of the latest evidence related to incidences of AAvVs in susceptible avian species, it is increasingly important to understand the potential of viruses to transmit within the domestic poultry and other avian hosts. Genomic and phylogenomic analysis of several investigations has shown the same (RK/RQRR↓F) motif cleavage site among NDV isolates with same genotypes from domestic poultry and other wild hosts. So, the insight of this, various semi-captive/free-ranging wild avian species could play a vital role in the dissemination of the virus, which is an important consideration to control the disease outbreaks. Insufficient data on AAvV 1 transmission from wild birds to poultry and vice versa is the main constraint to understand about its molecular biology and genomic potential to cause infection in all susceptible hosts.Conclusion:The current review details the pertinent features of several historical and contemporary aspects of NDVs and the vital role of feral birds in its molecular epidemiology and ecology.

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Detection of antibodies to avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses in wild birds in three states of Nigeria

Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.4314/sokjvs.v15i4.5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

W.I. Musa ◽

B.Y. Abdullahi ◽

S Lawal ◽

M Bello ◽

P.A. Abdu

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Infectious Bronchitis

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Newcastle Disease Viruses Causing Recent Outbreaks Worldwide Show Unexpectedly High Genetic Similarity to Historical Virulent Isolates from the 1940s

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.03044-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 1228-1235 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Kiril M. Dimitrov ◽

Dong-Hun Lee ◽

Dawn Williams-Coplin ◽

Timothy L. Olivier ◽

Patti J. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Rates Of Change ◽

Virulent Strains ◽

Experimental Challenge

Virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause Newcastle disease (ND), a devastating disease of poultry and wild birds. Phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguish historical isolates (obtained prior to 1960) from currently circulating viruses of class II genotypes V, VI, VII, and XII through XVIII. Here, partial and complete genomic sequences of recent virulent isolates of genotypes II and IX from China, Egypt, and India were found to be nearly identical to those of historical viruses isolated in the 1940s. Phylogenetic analysis, nucleotide distances, and rates of change demonstrate that these recent isolates have not evolved significantly from the most closely related ancestors from the 1940s. The low rates of change for these virulent viruses (7.05 × 10−5and 2.05 × 10−5per year, respectively) and the minimal genetic distances existing between these and historical viruses (0.3 to 1.2%) of the same genotypes indicate an unnatural origin. As with any other RNA virus, Newcastle disease virus is expected to evolve naturally; thus, these findings suggest that some recent field isolates should be excluded from evolutionary studies. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses show that these recent virulent isolates are more closely related to virulent strains isolated during the 1940s, which have been and continue to be used in laboratory and experimental challenge studies. Since the preservation of viable viruses in the environment for over 6 decades is highly unlikely, it is possible that the source of some of the recent virulent viruses isolated from poultry and wild birds might be laboratory viruses.

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Diversity and Utilization of Edible Plants and Macro-Fungi in Subtropical Guangdong Province, Southern China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9110666 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 666 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juyang Liao ◽

Linping Zhang ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Qiaoyun Li ◽

Danxia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Food Supply ◽

Southern China ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Forest Products ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Edible Parts

Food supply from forests is a fundamental component of forest ecosystem services, but information relating to suitability for human consumption and sustainable utilization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in developing countries is lacking. To address this gap in knowledge, diverse datasets of edible plants and macro-fungi were obtained from field collections, historical publications, and community surveys across seven cities in Guangdong Province (GP), southern China. Seven edible parts and five food categories of plant species were classified according to usage and specific nutrient components. Edible plant species were also categorized into different seasons and life forms. Our results show that at least 100 plant species (with 64 plant species producing fruit) and 20 macro-fungi were commonly used as edible forest products in subtropical GP. There were 55 and 57 species providing edible parts in summer and autumn, respectively. Many edible plants had multiple uses. Tree and herbaceous species made up the majority of the total. Our study provides evidence that both edible plants and macro-fungi can enrich the food supply for residents in rural and urban areas by acting as supplemental resources. We therefore suggest that, in spite of the prevalence of imported foods due to modern infrastructure, edible NTFPs from subtropical forests might be leveraged to support the increasing demand for food in an era of rapid urbanization and global change.

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High index of suspicion for brucellosis in a highly cosmopolitan city in southern China

10.21203/rs.2.10517/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hai-Yan Ye ◽

Fan-Fan Xing ◽

Jin Yang ◽

Simon Kam-Fai Lo ◽

Ricky Wing-Tong Lau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Southern China ◽

Clinical Specimen ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Human Brucellosis ◽

Brucella Strain ◽

Maldi Tof Ms ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Chest Wall Abscess ◽

Tof Ms

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In China, 90% of human brucellosis occurs in six northern agricultural provinces. However, there is a recent increase in the trend of human brucellosis in southern provinces with limited cases reported in the literature. Our study aims to describe the clinical features and epidemiology of brucellosis in a tertiary hospital in southern China. Methods: A retrospective case series of brucellosis was conducted between January 1, 2014 and October 31. 2018. Cases were identified based on positive Brucella serology by tube agglutination test, or positive culture from clinical specimen identified by Vitek 2 and MALDL-TOF MS. Clinical details of brucellosis including patients’ occupation, risk factors, and complications were analyzed. Clinical characteristics between patients from Guangdong and other provinces were also compared. Results: A total of 13 cases of laboratory-confirmed brucellosis were identified. 7 (53.8%) of the patients were male, 6 (46.2%) were female, with age ranging from 29 to 73 years old (median age: 51 years). Five patients (38.5%) were from Guangdong province, while the remaining patients (61.5%) were from other provinces. The commonest risk factors of acquisition were consumption of undercooked meat and goat placenta. Patients from Guangdong province were found to be more likely to have prior placenta consumption and handling of animal meat. The commonest clinical presentations were fever, osteoarticular pain, urinary symptoms, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Spondylodiscitis/ peripheral joint arthritis (5 patients, 38.5%) was the most prevalent complication, while extra-osteoarticular complications including abdominal aortitis, hepatosplenic abscess, chest wall abscess, and epididymo-orchitis were observed in 4 other patients. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS is reliable in Brucella identification after additional of reference spectra with standard Brucella strain. Conclusions: Brucellosis, previously thought to be only found in northern China, is now increasingly seen in highly cosmopolitan part of southern China. MALDI-TOF MS in hospitals in China should include reference spectra with standard Brucella strain to aid bacterial identification in routine clinical practice. In addition to tuberculosis, typhoid fever and typhus, brucellosis should be considered in patients with fever of unknown origin in this locality.

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The Status and Associated Factors of Early Childhood Caries among 3- to 5-year-old Children in Guangdong, Southern China: A Provincial Cross-sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33731/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jianbo Li ◽

Weihua Fan ◽

Yueshan Zhou ◽

Linmei Wu ◽

Wei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Oral Health ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Southern China ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Dental caries of deciduous teeth (Early Childhood Caries, ECC) has become a crucial oral health problem over the decades in China. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and severity of ECC among preschool children from Guangdong Province, Southern China. In addition, to assess the association of ECC with reported oral health-related behaviors.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Guangdong Province by means of an equal-sized, stratified, multistage random sampling method. According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of ECC was determined by the dmft (decayed-missing-filled tooth) index using a CPI (Community Periodontal Index) probe. A questionnaire about caries-related factors was completed by each of the participants’ parents or grandparents through a face-to-face and one-on-one interview. Then, t-test, Chi2 tests, One-Way ANOVA served for statistical analysis, and logistic regression analysis as well as covariance analysis were executed to identify potential associated factors for ECC.Results: There were 2592 3- to 5-year-old preschool children. The prevalence (% dmft >0) of ECC was 68.3 (95% CI: 66.5-70.1), the mean dmft was 4.36 (95% CI: 4.17-4.55), and the filled rate was 1.2%. In multivariable modeling, associated factors for both prevalence and mean dmft were older age, rural areas, consumption of sweets before sleep, dental visit history, low household income, and low parental education level. Initiating toothbrushing after 3 years of age and being exclusively/ predominantly breastfed indicated only the prevalence; being female and frequently consuming sweetened milk/powdered milk indicated only the mean dmft.Conclusions: The preschool children in Guangdong Province experienced a significant amount of ECC. More attention should be given to children’s dental health for deciduous teeth. Associated factors for ECC included demographics, oral health measures, dietary factors, and socioeconomic factors.

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