Possible transmission of Strongyloides fuelleborni between working Southern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and their owners in Southern Thailand: Molecular identification and diversity

Abstract Background: Ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) could accelerate malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion. This study was performed to characterize the bionomics of Anopheles in Surat Thani province, Thailand.Methods: Mosquitoes were collected via human landing collections, February - October of 2019. Anopheles were morphologically identified to species. Primary Anopheles malaria vectors were dissected to assess parity status and a subset evaluated for molecular identification and Plasmodium detection.Results: A total of 17,348 mosquitoes were collected. Of 5,777 Anopheles mosquitoes, 15 species were identified morphologically. The most abundant Anopheles were Anopheles minimus s.l. (87.87%, n = 5,035), Anopheles dirus s.l. (7.05%, n = 407), and Anopheles barbirostris s.l. (2.86%, n = 165). Molecular identification confirmed that of An. minimus s.l., 99.80% were An. minimus s.s. (n=484) and 0.2% An. aconitus (n = 1), of An. dirus s.l., 100% were An. baimaii (n = 348), and of An. maculatus s.l., 93.62% were An. maculatus s.s. (n = 44) and 6.38% An. sawadwongporni (n = 3). No Anopheles were Plasmodium positive (n = 879). An average of 11.46 Anopheles were captured per collector per night. There were differences between species in hour of collection (Kruskal-Wallis = 80.89, P < 0.0001, n = 5,666), with more An. barbirostris s.l. and An. maculatus s.l. caught earlier compared to An. minimus s.l. (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively) and An. dirus s.l. (P = 0.0082, P < 0.001, respectively). The proportion of parous An. minimus s.l. captured by hour increased throughout the night (Wald Chi-square = 17.31, P=0.000, odds ratio = 1.0535 [1.0279 – 1.0796] 95% CI (n = 3,400). Overall, An. minimus s.l. parity was 67.68% (2,375/3,509) with an intra cluster correlation of 0.0378. A power calculation determined that an An. minimus s.l. parity reduction treatment effect size = 34%, with four clusters per treatment arm, a minimum of 300 mosquitoes dissected per cluster at an α= 0.05 will provide 82% power to detect a significant difference following ivermectin MDA. Conclusions: The study area in Surat Thani province is an ideal location to evaluate the impact of ivermectin MDA on An. minimus parity.

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Anopheles bionomics in a malaria endemic area of southern Thailand

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04870-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Narenrit Wamaket ◽

Oranicha Khamprapa ◽

Sittinont Chainarin ◽

Panisa Thamsawet ◽

Ubolrat Ninsaeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Power Calculation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Southern Thailand ◽

Human Landing ◽

Greater Mekong Subregion ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) could accelerate malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion. This study was performed to characterize the bionomics of Anopheles in Surat Thani province, Thailand. Methods Mosquitoes were collected via human landing collections between February and October 2019. Anopheles mosquitoes were morphologically identified to species. Primary Anopheles malaria vectors were dissected to assess parity status, and a subset were evaluated for molecular identification and Plasmodium detection. Results A total of 17,348 mosquitoes were collected during the study period; of these, 5777 were Anopheles mosquitoes. Morphological studies identified 15 Anopheles species, of which the most abundant were Anopheles minimus (s.l.) (87.16%, n = 5035), An. dirus s.l. (7.05%, n = 407) and An. barbirostris s.l. (2.86%, n = 165). Molecular identification confirmed that of the An. minimus s.l. mosquitoes collected, 99.80% were An. minimus (s.s.) (n = 484) and 0.2% were An. aconitus (n = 1), of the An. dirus (s.l.) collected, 100% were An. baimaii (n = 348), and of the An. maculatus (s.l.) collected, 93.62% were An. maculatus (s.s.) (n = 44) and 6.38% were An. sawadwongporni (n = 3). No Anopheles mosquito tested was Plasmodium positive (0/879). An average of 11.46 Anopheles were captured per collector per night. There were differences between species in hour of collection (Kruskal–Wallis H-test: χ2 = 80.89, P < 0.0001, n = 5666), with more An. barbirostris (s.l.) and An. maculatus (s.l.) caught earlier compared to An. minimus (s.l.) (P = 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) and An. dirus (s.l.) (P = 0.0082 and P < 0.001, respectively). The proportion of parous An. minimus (s.l.) captured by hour increased throughout the night (Wald Chi-square: χ2 = 17.31, P = 0.000, odds ratio = 1.0535, 95% confidence interval 1.0279–1.0796, n = 3400). Overall, An. minimus (s.l.) parity was 67.68% (2375/3509) with an intra-cluster correlation of 0.0378. A power calculation determined that an An. minimus (s.l.) parity reduction treatment effect size = 34%, with four clusters per treatment arm and a minimum of 300 mosquitoes dissected per cluster, at an α = 0.05, will provide 82% power to detect a significant difference following ivermectin MDA. Conclusions The study area in Surat Thani province is an ideal location to evaluate the impact of ivermectin MDA on An. minimus parity. Graphical abstract

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Detection of DNA of Leishmania siamensis in Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus) iyengari (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Molecular Identification of Blood Meals of Sand Flies in an Affected Area, Southern Thailand

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjy069 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suradej Siripattanapipong ◽

Saovanee Leelayoova ◽

Ubolrat Ninsaeng ◽

Mathirut Mungthin

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Affected Area ◽

Southern Thailand ◽

Leishmania Siamensis ◽

Blood Meals

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Case Report: First Report of Disseminated Trachipleistophora hominis Infection in an AIDS Patient from Thailand

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0585 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pisud Siripaitoon ◽

Nirin Seatamanoch ◽

Narisa Brownell ◽

Switt Kongdachalert ◽

Thanaporn Hortiwakul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Muscle Pain ◽

Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

Southern Thailand ◽

16S Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

Hominis Infection ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Immunocompromised Hosts

Microsporidial myositis caused by Trachipleistophora hominis is a life-threatening and emerging microsporidiosis among immunocompromised hosts. This article reports a case of disseminated microsporidiosis caused by T. hominis in southern Thailand. The patient had HIV and presented at the clinic with incapacitating muscle pain. She was diagnosed with disseminated microsporidiosis. Molecular identification revealed the sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene involving sequences sharing 99% nucleotide identity with T. hominis from an Australian patient. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the detection of T. hominis microsporidia in an HIV patient in Thailand.

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The Ultrastructure of Monkey Gingival Epithelium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006009x ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 16-17

Author(s):

C.N. Sun

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Macaca Nemestrina ◽

Stratum Granulosum ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽

Stratum Spinosum ◽

Cell Layers ◽

Gingival Epithelium ◽

The Individual ◽

Different Thickness

The present study demonstrates the ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium of the pig tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina). Specimens were taken from lingual and facial gingival surfaces and fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium solution (pH 7.6) for 1 hr, dehydrated, and then embedded in Epon 812.Tonofibrils are variable in number and structure according to the different region or location of the gingival epithelial cells, the main orientation of which is parallel to the long axis of the cells. The cytoplasm of the basal epithelial cells contains a great number of tonofilaments and numerous mitochondria. The basement membrane is 300 to 400 A thick. In the cells of stratum spinosum, the tonofibrils are densely packed and increased in number (fig. 1 and 3). They seem to take on a somewhat concentric arrangement around the nucleus. The filaments may occur scattered as thin fibrils in the cytoplasm or they may be arranged in bundles of different thickness. The filaments have a diameter about 50 A. In the stratum granulosum, the cells gradually become flatted, the tonofibrils are usually thin, and the individual tonofilaments are clearly distinguishable (fig. 2). The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are seldom seen in these superficial cell layers.

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Electron microscopy in diagnostic virology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100110702 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 70-73

Author(s):

S. E. Miller

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Point Of View ◽

Negative Stain ◽

Viral Diagnosis ◽

Electron Microscopist ◽

Diagnostic Virology

The techniques for detecting viruses are many and varied including FAT, ELISA, SPIRA, RPHA, SRH, TIA, ID, IEOP, GC (1); CF, CIE (2); Tzanck (3); EM, IEM (4); and molecular identification (5). This paper will deal with viral diagnosis by electron microscopy and will be organized from the point of view of the electron microscopist who is asked to look for an unknown agent--a consideration of the specimen and possible agents rather than from a virologist's view of comparing all the different viruses. The first step is to ascertain the specimen source and select the method of preparation, e. g. negative stain or embedment, and whether the sample should be precleared by centrifugation, concentrated, or inoculated into tissue culture. Also, knowing the type of specimen and patient symptoms will lend suggestions of possible agents and eliminate some viruses, e. g. Rotavirus will not be seen in brain, nor Rabies in stool, but preconceived notions should not prejudice the observer into missing an unlikely pathogen.

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