Ultrahigh-efficient separation of Mg2+/Li+ using an in-situ reconstructed positively charged nanofiltration membrane under an electric field

2022 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. 119880
Author(s):  
Quan Li ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Benqiao He ◽  
Wenxiong Shi ◽  
Yanhong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Efficient Separation ◽  
Positively Charged

The spacecraft wake as a tool to detect cold ions: Turning a problem into a feature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats André ◽  
Anders I. Eriksson ◽  
Yuri V. Khotyaintsev ◽  
Sergio Toledo-Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Double Probe ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Collisionless Plasmas ◽  
Mass Outflow ◽  
Wake Effects ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Positively Charged

<p>Wakes behind scientific spacecraft caused by supersonic drifting ions is common in collisionless plasmas. Such wakes change the local plasma conditions and disturb in situ observations of the geophysical plasma parameters. We concentrate on observations of the electric field with double-probe instruments. Sometimes the wake effects are caused by the spacecraft body, are minor and easy to detect, and can be compensated for in a reasonable way. We show an example from the Cluster spacecraft in the solar wind. Sometimes the effects are caused by an electrostatic structure around a positively charged spacecraft causing an enhanced wake and major effects on the local plasma. Here observations of the geophysical electric field with the double-probe technique becomes impossible. Rather, the wake can be used to detect the presence of cold positive ions. Together with other instruments, also the cold ion flux can be estimated. We discuss such examples from the Cluster spacecraft in the magnetospheric lobes. For an intermediate range of parameters, when the drift energy of the ions is comparable to the equivalent charge of the spacecraft, also the charged wire booms of a double-probe instrument must be taken into account to extract useful information from the observations. We show an example from the MMS spacecraft near the magnetopause. With understanding of the physics causing wakes behind spacecraft, the local effects can sometimes be compensated for. When this is not possible, sometimes entirely new geophysical parameters can be estimated. An example is the flux of cold positive ions, constituting a major part of the mass outflow from planet Earth, using electric and magnetic field instruments on a spacecraft charged due to photoionization</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals An In-Situ Reaction Route to Molecular Level Dispersed Bisimide and ZnO Nanorod Hybrids with Efficient Photo-Induced Charge Transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzheng Lv ◽  
Lirong He ◽  
Jiahong Tang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Chuhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Surface Photovoltage ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
In Situ Reaction ◽  
Perylene Bisimide ◽  
Induced Charge

AbstractAs an important photoconductive hybrid material, perylene/ZnO has attracted tremendous attention for photovoltaic-related applications, but generally faces a great challenge to design molecular level dispersed perylenes/ZnO nanohybrids due to easy phase separation between perylenes and ZnO nanocrystals. In this work, we reported an in-situ reaction method to prepare molecular level dispersed H-aggregates of perylene bisimide/ZnO nanorod hybrids. Surface photovoltage and electric field-induced surface photovoltage spectrum show that the photovoltage intensities of nanorod hybrids increased dramatically for 100 times compared with that of pristine perylene bisimide. The enhancement of photovoltage intensities resulting from two aspects: (1) the photo-generated electrons transfer from perylene bisimide to ZnO nanorod due to the electric field formed on the interface of perylene bisimide/ZnO; (2) the H-aggregates of perylene bisimide in ZnO nanorod composites, which is beneficial for photo-generated charge separation and transportation. The introduction of ordered self-assembly thiol-functionalized perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (T-PTCDI)/ ZnO nanorod composites induces a significant improvement in incident photo-to-electron conversion efficiency. This work provides a novel mentality to boost photo-induced charge transfer efficiency, which brings new inspiration for the preparation of the highly efficient solar cell.

Targeted modification of polyamide nanofiltration membrane for efficient separation of monosaccharides and monovalent salt

2021 ◽  
pp. 119250
Author(s):  
Jingyu Wang ◽  
Yuling Ren ◽  
Huiru Zhang ◽  
Jianquan Luo ◽  
John M. Woodley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Efficient Separation ◽  
Monovalent Salt

scholarly journals Tuning Single-Molecule Conductance by Controlled Electric Field-Induced trans-to-cis Isomerisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
C.S. Quintans ◽  
Denis Andrienko ◽  
Katrin F. Domke ◽  
Daniel Aravena ◽  
Sangho Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Wet Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Single Molecule Junctions ◽  
Tunnelling Microscopy ◽  
The Difference

External electric fields (EEFs) have proven to be very efficient in catalysing chemical reactions, even those inaccessible via wet-chemical synthesis. At the single-molecule level, oriented EEFs have been successfully used to promote in situ single-molecule reactions in the absence of chemical catalysts. Here, we elucidate the effect of an EEFs on the structure and conductance of a molecular junction. Employing scanning tunnelling microscopy break junction (STM-BJ) experiments, we form and electrically characterize single-molecule junctions of two tetramethyl carotene isomers. Two discrete conductance signatures show up more prominently at low and high applied voltages which are univocally ascribed to the trans and cis isomers of the carotenoid, respectively. The difference in conductance between both cis-/trans- isomers is in concordance with previous predictions considering π-quantum interference due to the presence of a single gauche defect in the trans isomer. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the electric field polarizes the molecule and mixes the excited states. The mixed states have a (spectroscopically) allowed transition and, therefore, can both promote the cis-isomerization of the molecule and participate in electron transport. Our work opens new routes for the in situ control of isomerisation reactions in single-molecule contacts.

Novel Positively Charged Metal-Coordinated Nanofiltration Membrane for Lithium Recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Danyal Rehman ◽  
Peng-Fei Sun ◽  
Akshay Deshmukh ◽  
Liyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Positively Charged

scholarly journals Revealing the mechanism of electric-field-induced phase transition in antiferroelectric NaNbO3 by in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (13) ◽  
pp. 132903
Author(s):  
Mao-Hua Zhang ◽  
Changhao Zhao ◽  
Lovro Fulanović ◽  
Jürgen Rödel ◽  
Nikola Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray
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