Adipose tissue depot-specific differences in adipocyte apolipoprotein E expression

Beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) have received considerable recognition because of their potential protective effect against obesity. Pycnogenol (PYC), extracted from French maritime pine bark, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can improve lipid profiles. However, the effect of PYC on obesity has never been explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of PYC on obesity and WAT browning in apolipoprotein E- (ApoE-) deficient mice. The results showed that PYC treatment clearly reversed body weight and the mass of eWAT gain resulting from a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet (HCD), but no difference in food intake. The morphology results showed that the size of the adipocytes in the PYC-treated mice was obviously smaller than that in the HCD-fed mice. Next, we found that PYC upregulated the expression of genes related to lipolysis (ATGL and HSL), while it decreased the mRNA level of PLIN1. PYC significantly increased the expression of UCP1 and other genes related to beige adipogenesis. Additionally, PYC increased the expression of proteins related to the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. The findings suggested that PYC decreased obesity by promoting lipolysis and WAT browning. Thus, PYC may be a novel therapeutic target for obesity.

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Epicardial Adipose Tissue Reflects the Presence of Coronary Artery Disease: Comparison with Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/483982 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Masayoshi Oikawa ◽

Takashi Owada ◽

Hiroyuki Yamauchi ◽

Tomofumi Misaka ◽

Hirofumi Machii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Coronary Calcification ◽

Atheromatous Plaque ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Adipose Tissue Depot

Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with a risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to examine whether different types of adipose tissue depot may play differential roles in the progression of CAD. Consecutive 174 patients who underwent both computed tomography (CT) and echocardiography were analyzed. Cardiac and abdominal CT scans were performed to measure epicardial and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (EAT and abdominal VAT, resp.). Out of 174 patients, 109 and 113 patients, respectively, presented coronary calcification (CC) and coronary atheromatous plaque (CP). The EAT and abdominal VAT areas were larger in patients with CP compared to those without it. Interestingly, the EAT area was larger in patients with CC compared to those without CC, whereas no difference was observed in the abdominal VAT area between patients with CC and those without. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of echocardiographic EAT was an independent predictor of CP and CC, but the abdominal VAT area was not. These results suggest that EAT and abdominal VAT may play differential pathological roles in CAD. Given the importance of CC and CP, we should consider the precise assessment of CAD when echocardiographic EAT is detected.

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Apolipoprotein E-dependent inverse regulation of vertebral bone and adipose tissue mass in C57Bl/6 mice: Modulation by diet-induced obesity

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2010.07.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 736-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Alexander Bartelt ◽

F. Timo Beil ◽

Thorsten Schinke ◽

Kerstin Roeser ◽

Wolfgang Ruether ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Vertebral Bone ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass

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Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Depot-Specific Changes in Lipid Metabolism in Late-Onset Obese (LOB) Rats

Lipids ◽

10.1007/s11745-008-3164-7 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 313-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fredrik Frick ◽

Randip Hume ◽

Iain C. Robinson ◽

Staffan Edén ◽

Jan Oscarsson

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Late Onset ◽

Adipose Tissue Depot

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Dermal adipocytes and hair cycling: is spatial heterogeneity a characteristic feature of the dermal adipose tissue depot?

Experimental Dermatology ◽

10.1111/exd.12941 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 258-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Ilja L. Kruglikov ◽

Philipp E. Scherer

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Characteristic Feature ◽

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Adipose Tissue Depot

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Macrophage-derived apolipoprotein E ameliorates dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in obese apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00601.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (2) ◽

pp. E284-E290 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Robin D. Atkinson ◽

Kimberly R. Coenen ◽

Michelle R. Plummer ◽

Marnie L. Gruen ◽

Alyssa H. Hasty

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Tissue Expansion ◽

Lower Plasma ◽

Lesion Area ◽

Lesion Formation ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation

Previous studies have demonstrated that macrophage-derived apolipoprotein E (apoE) reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation in lean apoE-deficient (−/−) mice. apoE has also been demonstrated to play a role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Because the prevalence of obesity has grown to epidemic proportions, we sought to determine whether macrophage-derived apoE could impact atherosclerotic lesion formation or adipose tissue expansion and inflammation in obese apoE−/− mice. To this end, we transplanted obese leptin-deficient ( ob/ ob) apoE−/− mice with bone marrow from either ob/ ob;apoE−/− or ob/ ob;apoE+/+ donors. There were no differences in body weight, total body adipose tissue, or visceral fat pad mass between recipient groups. The presence of macrophage-apoE had no impact on adipose tissue macrophage content or inflammatory cytokine expression. Recipients of apoE+/+ marrow demonstrated 3.7-fold lower plasma cholesterol ( P < 0.001) and 1.7-fold lower plasma triglyceride levels ( P < 0.01) by 12 wk after transplantation even though apoE was present in plasma at concentrations <10% of wild-type levels. The reduced plasma lipids reflected a dramatic decrease in very low density lipoprotein and a mild increase in high-density lipoprotein levels. Atherosclerotic lesion area was >10-fold lower in recipients of ob/ ob;apoE+/+ marrow ( P < 0.005). Similar results were seen in leptin receptor-deficient ( db/ db) apoE−/− mice. Finally, when bone marrow transplantation was performed in 4-mo-old ob/ ob;apoE−/− and db/ db;apoE−/− mice with preexisting lesions, recipients of apoE+/+ marrow had a 2.8-fold lower lesion area than controls ( P = 0.0002). These results demonstrate that macrophage-derived apoE does not impact adipose tissue expansion or inflammatory status; however, even very low levels of macrophage-derived apoE are capable of reducing plasma lipids and atherosclerotic lesion area in obese mice.

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