Role of primary metabolites in plant defense against pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 103728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madiha Zaynab ◽  
Mahpara Fatima ◽  
Yasir Sharif ◽  
Muhammad Hammad Zafar ◽  
Habib Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Primary Metabolites

Role of plant defense in the utilization of native browse in southern Ethiopia

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Woodward ◽  
D. L. Coppock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Southern Ethiopia

Role of Oomycete Elicitors in Plant Defense Signaling

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Sudisha Jogaiah ◽  
Sharathchandra Ramasandra Govind ◽  
Huntrike Shekar Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Signaling ◽  
Plant Defense Signaling

Plant Resistance Genes for Fungal Pathogens - Physiological Models and Identification in Cereal Crops

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 969-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Knogge
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Physiological Models ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction

The complex biological phenomenon “resistance” can be reduced to single Mendelian traits acting on both the plant and the pathogen side in a number of pathosystems. According to the “gene-for-gene hypothesis”, the outcome of a plant/pathogen interaction in these cases is incompatibility if a plant carrying a particular resistance gene and a pathogen with the complementary avirulence gene meet. This suggests a causal role of resistance genes in a recognition process initiating active plant defense responses. Fundamentally different strategies are followed to identify these genes molecularly depending on the plant and pathogen species involved. Fungal diseases of crop plants, especially those of cereals, cause dramatic yield losses worldwide. It is assumed that a molecular characterization of plant genes conferring resistance to fungal pathogens will lead to a better understanding of the plant defense system in general permitting the development of new methods of crop plant protection.

Source Strength Modulates Fruit Set by Starch Turnover and Export of Both Sucrose and Amino Acids in Pepper

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2319-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas de �vila Silva ◽  
Jorge A Condori-Apfata ◽  
Paulo Mafra de Almeida Costa ◽  
Pedro Brand�o Martino ◽  
Ana C Azevedo Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Source Strength ◽  
Metabolic Balance ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Sucrose Supply

Abstract Fruit set is an important yield-related parameter, which varies drastically due to genetic and environmental factors. Here, two commercial cultivars of Capsicum chinense (Biquinho and Habanero) were evaluated in response to light intensity (unshaded and shaded) and N supply (deficiency and sufficiency) to understand the role of source strength on fruit set at the metabolic level. We assessed the metabolic balance of primary metabolites in source leaves during the flowering period. Furthermore, we investigated the metabolic balance of the same metabolites in flowers to gain more insights into their influence on fruit set. Genotype and N supply had a strong effect on fruit set and the levels of primary metabolites, whereas light intensity had a moderate effect. Higher fruit set was mainly related to the export of both sucrose and amino acids from source leaves to flowers. Additionally, starch turnover in source leaves, but not in flowers, had a central role on the sucrose supply to sink organs at night. In flowers, our results not only confirmed the role of the daily supply of carbohydrates on fruit set but also indicated a potential role of the balance of amino acids and malate.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of Plant Defense Suppression and Activation by the Xanthomonas Core Type III Effector XopX

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stork ◽  
Jung-Gun Kim ◽  
Mary Beth Mudgett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Type Iii Secretion Effector ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Many phytopathogenic type III secretion effector proteins (T3Es) have been shown to target and suppress plant immune signaling but perturbation of the plant immune system by T3Es can also elicit a plant response. XopX is a “core” Xanthomonas T3E that contributes to growth and symptom development during Xanthomonas euvesicatoria infection of tomato but its functional role is undefined. We tested the effect of XopX on several aspects of plant immune signaling. XopX promoted ethylene production and plant cell death (PCD) during X. euvesicatoria infection of susceptible tomato and in transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana, which is consistent with its requirement for the development of X. euvesicatoria-induced disease symptoms. Additionally, although XopX suppressed flagellin-induced reactive oxygen species, it promoted the accumulation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) gene transcripts. Surprisingly, XopX coexpression with other PCD elicitors resulted in delayed PCD, suggesting antagonism between XopX-dependent PCD and other PCD pathways. However, we found no evidence that XopX contributed to the suppression of effector-triggered immunity during X. euvesicatoria–tomato interactions, suggesting that XopX's primary virulence role is to modulate PTI. These results highlight the dual role of a core Xanthomonas T3E in simultaneously suppressing and activating plant defense responses.

scholarly journals In silico study to examine the role of amino acids in Jasmonate induced plant defense process

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 289-301
Author(s):  
Ruma Ganguly ◽  
Sailesh K. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Induced Plant Defense ◽  
In Silico Study

The role of amino acid is important to Jasmonate induce plant defense process. Jasmonic acid and amino acid Isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile) has been found to be necessary to achieve such process effectively. We have examined the origin of such process computationally and showed that Isoleucine is more active compared to other Jasmonic acid conjugates. The epimerization process revealed that Isoleucine conjugated Jasmonic acid is energetically a favoured process compared to JA-Leu and JA-Val. Water has functioned as a catalyst in the whole epimerization process. This study would unravel the importance of Isoleucine in the Jasmonic acid induced plant defense process.

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