scholarly journals Repletion of branched chain amino acids reverses mTORC1 signaling but not improved metabolism during dietary protein dilution

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Maida ◽  
Jessica S.K. Chan ◽  
Kim A. Sjøberg ◽  
Annika Zota ◽  
Dieter Schmoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Branched Chain

Bootstrapped neural network models for analyzing the responses of broiler chicks to dietary protein and branched chain amino acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Faridi ◽  
A. Golian ◽  
A. Heravi Mousavi ◽  
J. France
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Branched Chain

Faridi, A., Golian, A., Heravi Mousavi, A. and France, J. 2014. Bootstrapped neural network models for analyzing the responses of broiler chicks to dietary protein and branched chain amino acids. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 79–85. Reliable prediction of avian responses to dietary nutrients is essential for planning, management, and optimization activities in poultry nutrition. In this study, two bootstrapped neural network (BNN) models, each containing 100 separated neural networks (SNN), were developed for predicting average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) of broiler chicks in response to intake of protein and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in the starter period. Using a re-sampling method, 100 different batches of data were generated for both the ADG and FE sets. Starting with 270 data lines extracted from eight studies in the literature, SNN models were trained, tested, and validated with 136, 67, and 67 data lines, respectively. All 200 SNN models developed, along with their respective BNN ones, were subjected to optimization (to find the optimum dietary protein and BCAA levels that maximize ADG and FE). Statistical analysis indicated that based on R 2, the BNN models were more accurate in 76 and 56 cases (out of 100) compared with the SNN models developed for ADG and FE, respectively. Optimization of the BNN models showed protein, isoleucine, leucine, and valine requirements for maximum ADG were 231.80, 9.05, 14.03 and 10.90 g kg−1 of diet, respectively. Also, maximum FE was obtained when the diet contained 232.30, 9.07, 14.50, and 11.04 g kg−1 of protein, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, respectively. The results of this study suggest that in meta-analytic modelling, bootstrap re-sampling algorithms should be used to better analyze available data and thereby take full advantage of them. This issue is of importance in the animal sciences as producing reliable data is both expensive and time-consuming.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Dietary Protein and Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Metabolism and Inflammation in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chieh Mu ◽  
Erin VanHoosier ◽  
Carrie Elks ◽  
Ryan Grant
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Branched Chain

Aging is the main factor involved in the onset of degenerative diseases. Dietary protein restriction has been shown to increase the lifespan of rodents and improve metabolic phenotype. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) can act as nutrient signals that increase the lifespan of mice after prolonged supplementation. It remains unclear whether the combination of protein restriction and BCAA supplementation improves metabolic and immunological profiles during aging. Here, we investigated how dietary protein levels and BCAA supplementation impact metabolism and immune profile during a 12-month intervention in adult male C57BL/6J mice. We found that protein restriction improved insulin tolerance and increased hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 mRNA, circulating interleukin (IL)-5 concentration, and thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 in subcutaneous white fat. Surprisingly, BCAA supplementation conditionally increased body weight, lean mass, and fat mass, and deteriorated insulin intolerance during protein restriction, but not during protein sufficiency. BCAA also induced pro-inflammatory gene expression in visceral adipose tissue under both normal and low protein conditions. These results suggest that dietary protein levels and BCAA supplementation coordinate a complex regulation of metabolism and tissue inflammation during prolonged feeding.

scholarly journals Activation of mTORC1 by leucine is potentiated by branched-chain amino acids and even more so by essential amino acids following resistance exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. C874-C884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Moberg ◽  
William Apró ◽  
Björn Ekblom ◽  
Gerrit van Hall ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Branched Chain

Protein synthesis is stimulated by resistance exercise and intake of amino acids, in particular leucine. Moreover, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling by leucine is potentiated by the presence of other essential amino acids (EAA). However, the contribution of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to this effect is yet unknown. Here we compare the stimulatory role of leucine, BCAA, and EAA ingestion on anabolic signaling following exercise. Accordingly, eight trained volunteers completed four sessions of resistance exercise during which they ingested either placebo, leucine, BCAA, or EAA (including the BCAA) in random order. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest, immediately after exercise, and following 90 and 180 min of recovery. Following 90 min of recovery the activity of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) was greater than at rest in all four trials (Placebo<Leucine<BCAA<EAA; P < 0.05 time × supplement), with a ninefold increase in the EAA trial. At this same time point, phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) at Thr37/46 was unaffected by supplementation, while that of Thr46 alone exhibited a pattern similar to that of S6K1, being 18% higher with EAA than BCAA. However, after 180 min of recovery this difference between EAA and BCAA had disappeared, although with both these supplements the increases were still higher than with leucine (40%, P < 0.05) and placebo (100%, P < 0.05). In summary, EAA ingestion appears to stimulate translation initiation more effectively than the other supplements, although the results also suggest that this effect is primarily attributable to the BCAA.

Branched-chain amino acids augment neither albuminuria nor albumin synthesis in nephrotic rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. F177-F184
Author(s):  
George A. Kaysen ◽  
Hamoudi Al-Bander ◽  
Victor I. Martin ◽  
Hardin Jones ◽  
Florence N. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Heymann Nephritis ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Branched Chain

Both albuminuria (UalbV) and albumin synthesis (AlbSyn) are modulated by dietary protein in nephrotic rats, but the agent(s) linking diet to altered UalbV and AlbSyn is unknown. Others have reported that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) cause neither increased renal blood flow nor glomerular filtration rate (GFR) normally induced by dietary protein nor increased blood glucagon thought to be necessary for protein-mediated effects on renal hemodynamics. The effect of BCAA on UalbV is unknown. Because BCAA increase AlbSyn in tissue culture and after a fast, it is possible that feeding BCAA may increase AlbSyn but not UalbV in nephrosis. Nephrotic rats were fed either 8.5% casein (LP); 21% casein (NP); 8.5% casein supplemented with valine, leucine, and isoleucine to the total amount provided by a 21% casein diet (2.37%) (LBC); or 8.5% casein plus 12.5% BCAA providing a diet isonitrogenous to 21% casein (HBC). UalbV and AlbSyn were significantly greater in NP compared with LP, LBC, or HBC and were the same in the latter three groups. Glucagon was infused into nephrotic rats fed 8.5% casein either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in quantities sufficient to increase plasma levels to over 10 times control but had no effect on UalbV. The ability of dietary protein to increase AlbSyn or UalbV is not a result of total -amino nitrogen intake but is a result of the specific amino acid composition of the diet and must result entirely from the effect of one or more non-BCAA. Increased blood glucagon alone has no effect on UalbV. permselectivity; nephrotic syndrome; proteinuria; glucagon; corticosterone; Heymann nephritis Submitted on June 26, 1990 Accepted on October 3, 1990

Abstract 019: Modifiable Lifestyle Factors And Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids: An Analysis Of N=19,472 US Women

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikuta Hamaya ◽  
Samia Mora ◽  
Patrick R Lawler ◽  
Nancy R Cook ◽  
Julie E Buring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Background: Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with insulin resistance and higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, despite their potential as a target for T2D prevention, upstream determinants of plasma BCAAs are largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated modifiable lifestyle factors in relation to plasma BCAAs in the Women’s Health Study. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis among N=19,472 women (mean age=54.9 [SD=7.2] years) free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. BCAAs were quantified via NMR spectroscopy and log-transformed among women reporting ≥8 hours of fasting at baseline blood draw. Lifestyle factors were ascertained from self-reported questionnaires at study baseline: body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ), smoking, alcohol, physical activity [PA, MET-hrs/wk], and diet (Mediterranean diet pattern score [aMED], alternative Health Eating Index score [aHEI], dietary BCAA intake [g/d], and individual protein sources [servings/d]). We estimated % mean differences in BCAAs (95% CI) for each lifestyle factor categorically (linear regression models) and continuously to calculate R 2 from univariate cubic spline models. Multivariate models were mutually adjusted for the other lifestyle factors and other T2D risk factors. Results: Overall, we observed positive associations between BMI and dietary protein sources with plasma BCAAs, while alcohol and PA were inversely associated with BCAAs in multivariable-adjusted models. Smoking and aMED and aHEI dietary quality scores were not associated with BCAAs. Compared with women with BMI<25.0, BCAAs were 8.2% (7.5, 8.8), 14.6% (13.8, 15.5), and 20.3% (17.8, 22.9) higher for BMI groups 25.0-29.9, 30.0-39.9, and ≥40.0, respectively (p-trend<0.0001). Compared to never drinkers, women with moderate or high alcohol intake had -1.8% (-2.8, -0.9) and -2.7% (-3.9, -1.5) lower BCAA levels. There was a slightly lower (-1.2% [-2.0, -0.4]) BCAA level among highest vs. lowest quartiles of PA (p-trend=0.0002). Women with higher intakes of dietary BCAAs had modest incrementally higher plasma BCAAs (comparing Q5 vs. Q1: 2.9% [2.0, 3.7]; p-trend<0.0001). Similarly, we observed dose-response relationships for higher intakes of major US protein sources (red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products) and higher plasma BCAAs. In continuous models, BMI explained 11.5% of the variability of plasma BCAAs, while the other modifiable factors each explained 0-1.1%. Conclusions: Our analysis in a large cohort of US women confirms prior evidence for a compelling relationship between BMI and plasma BCAAs. We also observed novel associations for dietary protein intake, alcohol, and PA, although the magnitudes of their contribution to BCAAs were small. Future clinical research on interventions to lower BCAAs for T2D prevention should consider body weight as a primary target for modification.

The Weight Loss Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Vitamin B6: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Obese and Overweight Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shakibay Novin ◽  
Saeed Ghavamzadeh ◽  
Alireza Mehdizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA), with vitamin B6 have been reported to improve fat metabolism and muscle synthesis. We hypothesized that supplementation with BCAA and vitamin B6 would result in more weight loss and improve body composition and blood markers related to cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to determine whether the mentioned supplementation would affect weight loss, body composition, and cardiovascular risk factors during weight loss intervention. To this end, we performed a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in 42 overweight and obese women (BMI = 25–34.9 kg/m2). Taking a four-week moderate deficit calorie diet (–500 kcal/day), participants were randomized to receive BCAA (6 g/day) with vitamin B6 (40 mg/day) or placebo. Body composition variables measured with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis, homeostatic model assessment, and plasma insulin, Low density lipoprotein, High density lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and fasting blood sugar were measured. The result indicated that, weight loss was not significantly affected by BCAA and vitamin B6 supplementation (–2.43 ± 1.02 kg) or placebo (–1.64 ± 1.48 kg). However, significant time × treatment interactions in waist to hip ratio (P = 0.005), left leg lean (P = 0.004) and right leg lean (P = 0.023) were observed. Overall, supplementation with BCAA and vitamin B6 could preserve legs lean and also attenuated waist to hip ratio.

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