Developmental exposures to ultrafine particle air pollution reduces early testosterone levels and adult male social novelty preference: Risk for children’s sex-biased neurobehavioral disorders

Walking School Buses (WSBs) provide a safe alternative to being driven to school. Children benefit from the contribution the exercise provides towards their daily exercise target, it gives children practical experience with respect to road safety and helps to relieve traffic congestion around the entrance to their school. Walking routes are designed largely based in road safety considerations, catchment need and the availability of parent support. However, little attention is given to the air pollution exposure experienced by children during their journey to school, despite the commuting microenvironment being an important contributor to a child’s daily air pollution exposure. This study aims to quantify the air pollution exposure experienced by children walking to school and those being driven by car. A school was chosen in Bradford, UK. Three adult participants carried out the journey to and from school each carrying a P-Trak ultrafine particle (UFP) count monitor. One participant travelled the journey to school by car while the other two walked, each on opposite sides of the road for the majority of the journey. Data collection was carried out over a period of two weeks, for a total of five journeys to school in the morning and five on the way home at the end of the school day. Results of the study suggest that car commuters experience lower levels of air pollution dose due to lower exposures and reduced commute times. The largest reductions in exposure for pedestrians can be achieved by avoiding close proximity to traffic queuing up to intersections, and, where possible, walking on the side of the road opposite the traffic, especially during the morning commuting period. Major intersections should also be avoided as they were associated with peak exposures. Steps to ensure that the phasing of lights is optimized to minimize pedestrian waiting time would also help reduce exposures. If possible, busy roads should be avoided altogether. By the careful design of WSB routes, taking into account air pollution, children will be able to experience the benefits that walking to school brings while minimizing their air pollution exposure during their commute to and from school.

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Peripheral Administration of RF9 Does Not Affect Hypothalamic-PituitaryGonadal Axis in Normal Fed Adult Male Macaque

Case Reports in Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive ◽

10.31487/j.crogr.2020.02.03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Aalia Batool ◽

Madiha Wazir ◽

Rahim Ullah ◽

Aalia Batool ◽

Rabia Naz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Time Windows ◽

Treated Group ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

Control Group ◽

Hpg Axis ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Short Time

Stress represses hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG-axis) but RF9, a synthetic peptide, rescues such repression. To assess the role of RF9 in regulating HPG-axis under normal physiological conditions in higher primates, RF9 was administered to intact adult male rhesus monkeys and response of the HPG-axis was examined by measuring plasma testosterone as an end parameter of the axis. Control group (n=4) received normal saline whereas the treated group (n=4) received RF9. On the first day of experiment, four bolus injections of normal saline (1ml/animal) were administered intravenously at 2-hr interval to the control monkeys. Similarly, on the second day of experiment, treated group received four iv bolus injections of RF9 (0.1mg/kg BW) at 2-hr interval. Serial blood samples were collected at 20 min interval during a 6-hr period which started just after first saline/RF9 injection. Plasma testosterone levels were measured by using a specific EIA. Overall means of plasma testosterone levels and plasma testosterone area under curve (AUC) and overall mean testosterone and mean testosterone AUC in short time windows following each injection of RF9 and saline were comparable between the groups. Our results demonstrate that RF9 has no role in regulating HPG-axis under normal physiological conditions in adult male monkeys.

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Fluctuations in Plasma Testosterone Levels in Adult Male Rats and Mice

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo-92-4-1223 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 1223-1228 ◽

Cited By ~ 222

Author(s):

A. BARTKE ◽

R.E. STEELE ◽

N. MUSTO ◽

B.V. CALDWELL

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Male Rats ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Rats And Mice

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Changes in Plasma Testosterone Levels During the Annual Reproductive Cycle of the Hibernating Bat, Myotis lucifugus lucifugus with a Survey of Plasma Testosterone Levels in Adult Male Vertebrates

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1093/biolreprod/15.1.9 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 9-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

A. W. Gustafson ◽

M. Shemesh

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Cycle ◽

Adult Male ◽

Myotis Lucifugus ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

Annual Reproductive Cycle ◽

Testosterone Levels

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Air Pollution Exposure in Walking School Bus Routes: A New Zealand Case Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15122802 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2802 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kim Dirks ◽

Jennifer Salmond ◽

Nicholas Talbot

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

New Zealand ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Ultrafine Particle ◽

School Buses ◽

The Road ◽

Air Pollution Exposure ◽

Using Data ◽

Pollution Exposure

Walking School Buses (WSBs), organized groups for children to walk to school under the supervision of adults, help reduce traffic congestion and contribute towards exercise. Routes are based largely on need, traffic safety and travel time, with exposure to air pollution not generally considered. This paper explores whether reductions in exposure can be achieved based on the side of the road travelled using data collected in Auckland, New Zealand. Exposure to air pollution was measured for a 25-min commute consisting of a 10-min segment along a quiet cul-de-sac and a 15-min segment along a main arterial road with traffic congestion heavier in one direction. Two participants were each equipped with a portable P-Trak ultrafine particle monitor and a portable Langan carbon monoxide monitor, and walked the route on opposite sides of the road simultaneously, for both morning and afternoon, logging 10-s data. The results suggest that pedestrians travelling on the footpath next to the less congested side of the road in the morning avoid many short-term peaks in concentration and experience significantly lower mean exposures than those travelling on the footpath next to the more congested side. Significant reductions in air pollution exposure could be made for children by taking into account the side of the road in WSB route design.

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Intrauterine positions and testosterone levels of adult male gerbils are correlated

Physiology & Behavior ◽

10.1016/0031-9384(92)90077-f ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 957-960 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

M.M. Clark ◽

F.S. vom Saal ◽

B.G. Galef

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Testosterone Levels

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EFFECTS OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND IN INTACT IMMATURE AND ADULT MALE RATS

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0610193 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 193-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. EL SAFOURY ◽

A. BARTKE

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Adult Male ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Seminal Vesicles ◽

Male Rats ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) on plasma testosterone levels were examined in hypophysectomized and in intact immature and adult male rats. The animals were injected with saline, LH, FSH, or both gonadotrophins twice daily for 3·5 days and were killed 3 h after the last injection. Plasma testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In immature hypophysectomized rats, plasma testosterone levels were not changed by treatment with LH, FSH or LH plus FSH. The weight of the testes and of the seminal vesicles was increased only in animals injected with both LH and FSH. In adult hypophysectomized rats, LH caused the expected increase in plasma testosterone levels, while FSH injected alone had no effect. Plasma testosterone levels in rats treated with 5 μg LH and 20 μg FSH were significantly greater than those in animals given 5 μg LH alone. However, the same dose of FSH did not potentiate the action of 25 μg LH on plasma testosterone levels. In adult hypophysectomized rats the weight of testes was not affected by any of the treatments. The weight of the seminal vesicles was increased by the higher dose of LH and addition of FSH caused no further increase. In intact immature and adult rats plasma testosterone levels and the weight of testes were not changed by any of the treatments. Seminal vesicle weight was increased only in adult rats treated with the higher dose of LH together with FSH. The results demonstrate that FSH potentiates the action of low doses of LH on plasma testosterone levels in adult hypophysectomized rats and suggest that FSH may be involved in the regulation of androgen secretion by the rat testis.

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