When the Brain Takes ‘BOLD’ Steps: Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Can Further Enhance the Ability to Gradually Self-regulate Regional Brain Activation

This case report shows that real-time MRI may aid in the precision of intra-arterial delivery of bevacizumab to butterfly glioblastoma. Fast clinical improvement, decrease of contrast enhancing status, and no serious adverse effects were observed at discharge from hospital. The patient regained pre-recurrent neurological status for 2 months with a subsequent fast clinical decline and an increase in tumor volume. The patient underwent a second procedure of intra-arterial delivery of bevacizumab to the brain, with substantial clinical and radiological improvement, but not the level of improvement observed after the first procedure. Another clinical decline occurred with an increase in tumor size and the patient was treated 2 months later with a third intra-arterial infusion of bevacizumab. While another positive effect was achieved, it was less pronounced than before, and the patient died 1.5 months later. There were no technical, ischemic or other complications during the procedures. The patient survived 218 days from the first symptoms of tumor recurrence, 190 days from the first MRI, and 175 days from the first intra-arterial treatment of bevacizumab.

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Brain glucose metabolism in hypobaric hypoxia

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1995.79.1.136 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 136-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

S. I. Harik ◽

W. D. Lust ◽

S. C. Jones ◽

K. L. Lauro ◽

S. Pundik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽

Capillary Density ◽

Brain Capillary ◽

Brain Glucose ◽

Adult Rat ◽

Brain Microvessels ◽

Regional Brain ◽

The Brain

Hypobaric hypoxia at one-half atmospheric pressure for 3 wk was reported to increase the brain capillary density and glucose transport at the blood-brain barrier in the adult rat. We examined the metabolic concomitants of these alterations in rats subjected to the same hypoxic insult. Hypoxic rats increased brain glucose and lactate concentrations and decreased brain glycogen. However, hypoxia had no significant effects on regional brain levels of ATP and phosphocreatine or on intracellular pH, indicating successful adaptation to the hypoxic insult. 2-Deoxyglucose studies showed that hypoxia increased the regional metabolic rate for glucose by 10–40%. These results indicate increased glycolysis in the hypoxic rat brain, which probably underlies the increased density of glucose transporters in brain microvessels and the increased blood-to-brain glucose influx in hypoxia.

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Multiple “buy buttons” in the brain: Forecasting chocolate sales at point-of-sale based on functional brain activation using fMRI

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.021 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. 122-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Simone Kühn ◽

Enrique Strelow ◽

Jürgen Gallinat

Keyword(s):

Brain Activation ◽

Point Of Sale ◽

Functional Brain ◽

The Brain

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Analyzing EEG of Quasi-Brain-Death Based on Dynamic Sample Entropy Measures

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/618743 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Li Ni ◽

Jianting Cao ◽

Rubin Wang

Keyword(s):

Brain Death ◽

Real Time ◽

Time Window ◽

Approximate Entropy ◽

Sample Entropy ◽

Well Performance ◽

Entropy Measures ◽

Brain Death Determination ◽

Death Determination ◽

The Brain

To give a more definite criterion using electroencephalograph (EEG) approach on brain death determination is vital for both reducing the risks and preventing medical misdiagnosis. This paper presents several novel adaptive computable entropy methods based on approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) to monitor the varying symptoms of patients and to determine the brain death. The proposed method is a dynamic extension of the standard ApEn and SampEn by introducing a shifted time window. The main advantages of the developed dynamic approximate entropy (DApEn) and dynamic sample entropy (DSampEn) are for real-time computation and practical use. Results from the analysis of 35 patients (63 recordings) show that the proposed methods can illustrate effectiveness and well performance in evaluating the brain consciousness states.

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Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Features of Chicken CDS2 Splicing Variants

10.21203/rs.3.rs-80587/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Xu ◽

Shuping Zhang ◽

Yujun Guo ◽

Wen Chen ◽

Yanqun Huang

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Exogenous Insulin ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Temporal Expression ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

The Brain

Abstract Background: The CDS gene encodes the CDP-diacylglycerol synthase enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid. At present, there are no reports of CDS2 in birds. Here, we identified chicken CDS2 transcripts by combining conventional RT- PCR amplification, 5' RACE (Fig. 1A), and 3' RACE, explored the spatio-temporal expression profiles of total CDS2 and the longest transcript variant CDS2-4, and investigated the effect of exogenous insulin on total the mRNA level of CDS2 by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Four transcripts of chicken CDS2 (CDS2-1, -2, -3, and -4) were identified, which were alternatively spliced at the 3′-untranslated region (UTR). CDS2 was widely expressed in all tissues examined and the longest variant CDS2-4 was the major transcript. Both total CDS2 and CDS2-4 were prominently expressed in adipose tissue and the heart, and exhibited low expression in the liver and pectoralis of 49 day-old chickens. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that total CDS2 and CDS2-4 had different spatio-temporal expression patterns in chicken. Total CDS2 exhibited a similar temporal expression tendency with a high level in the later period of incubation (embryonic day 19 [E19] or 1-day-old) in the brain, liver, and pectoralis. While CDS2-4 presented a distinct temporal expression pattern in these tissues, CDS2-4 levels peaked at 21 days in the brain and pectoralis, while liver CDS2-4 mRNA levels were highest at the early stage of hatching (E10). Total CDS2 (P < 0.001) and CDS2-4 (P = 0.0090) mRNA levels in the liver were differentially regulated throughout development of the chicken. Exogenous insulin significantly downregulated the level of total CDS2 at 240 min in the pectoralis of Silky chickens (P < 0.01). Total CDS2 levels in the liver of Silky chickens were higher than that of the broiler in the basal state and after insulin stimulation. Conclusion: Chicken CDS2 has multiple transcripts with variation at the 3′-UTR, which was prominently expressed in adipose tissue. Total CDS2 and CDS2-4 presented distinct spatio-temporal expression patterns, and they were differentially regulated with age in liver. Insulin could regulate chicken CDS2 levels in a breed- and tissue-specific manner.

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Algebra dissociates from arithmetic in the brain semantic network

Behavioral and Brain Functions ◽

10.1186/s12993-022-00186-4 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dazhi Cheng ◽

Mengyi Li ◽

Jiaxin Cui ◽

Li Wang ◽

Naiyi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Supplementary Motor Area ◽

Semantic Network ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Motor Area ◽

Angular Gyrus ◽

Single Trial ◽

Positive Functional ◽

Brain Behavior ◽

The Brain

Abstract Background Mathematical expressions mainly include arithmetic (such as 8 − (1 + 3)) and algebra (such as a − (b + c)). Previous studies have shown that both algebraic processing and arithmetic involved the bilateral parietal brain regions. Although previous studies have revealed that algebra was dissociated from arithmetic, the neural bases of the dissociation between algebraic processing and arithmetic is still unclear. The present study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify the specific brain networks for algebraic and arithmetic processing. Methods Using fMRI, this study scanned 30 undergraduates and directly compared the brain activation during algebra and arithmetic. Brain activations, single-trial (item-wise) interindividual correlation and mean-trial interindividual correlation related to algebra processing were compared with those related to arithmetic. The functional connectivity was analyzed by a seed-based region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analysis. Results Brain activation analyses showed that algebra elicited greater activation in the angular gyrus and arithmetic elicited greater activation in the bilateral supplementary motor area, left insula, and left inferior parietal lobule. Interindividual single-trial brain-behavior correlation revealed significant brain-behavior correlations in the semantic network, including the middle temporal gyri, inferior frontal gyri, dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, and left angular gyrus, for algebra. For arithmetic, the significant brain-behavior correlations were located in the phonological network, including the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, and in the visuospatial network, including the bilateral superior parietal lobules. For algebra, significant positive functional connectivity was observed between the visuospatial network and semantic network, whereas for arithmetic, significant positive functional connectivity was observed only between the visuospatial network and phonological network. Conclusion These findings suggest that algebra relies on the semantic network and conversely, arithmetic relies on the phonological and visuospatial networks.

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