Effect of dissolved gas on mechanical property of sheath material of mineral insulated cables under high temperature and pressure water

Water sterilization at sterility assurance levels exceeding 10−6 has been achieved with a novel high temperature and pressure sterilization system (HAPSS) capable of continuous-flow sterilization. The tested sterilizer produces >2,000 L/day and does not require filters, moving parts, or regular maintenance and can operate for multiple years with only water and standard voltage/amperage electricity. Sterility assurance levels were determined using Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores with inactivation experiments as a function of temperature and flow rate (i.e., duration/dosage at given temperature). Sterility of 1.0 × 104 CFU/mL G. stearothermophilus spore suspensions was achieved at the highest water flow rate of 1.4 L/min at 140 and 130 °C. The low cost and maintenance-free operation of HAPSS is envisioned to impact water sterilization needs of developing nations, hospitals, and commercial point of use applications.

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Development and Evaluation of a Contacting Force Measurement System in a High Temperature and Pressure Water Condition for Fretting Wear Experiments

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1431 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 326-328 ◽

pp. 1431-1434

Author(s):

Young Ho Lee ◽

Hyung Kyu Kim

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Load Cell ◽

Fretting Wear ◽

Cylindrical Shape ◽

Water Condition ◽

High Temperature And Pressure ◽

Pressure Water ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

Contacting Force

New system (load cell) for measuring a contacting force in a high temperature and pressure water condition (i.e. 320, 15 MPa) has been developed. The primary purpose is to apply it to the experiments of a nuclear fuel fretting wear, which occurs on the contacts between the fuel rods and the spacer grid spring/dimples due to a flow-induced vibration of the rods. A bi-axial load cell of a cylindrical shape is specially designed. Strain gages for a special use in a high temperature condition were attached on to the sensitive region of it to accommodate the bi-axial loading condition in fretting. The full scale of this load cell is ±50 N in axial force and ±50 N in bending force, respectively. In order to increase the sensitivity and to compensate for an ambient temperature effect, the load cell consists of two Wheatstone full bridge arrangements. The calibration results of the load cell show that the coupling effects of each force were almost negligible. This paper mainly presents the experimental techniques used during the development of the new load cell system. The techniques are characterized by a design optimization of a jig of a cylindrical type, the application of a metallic sealant for a waterproofing, a free welding fabrication process and a temperature compensation circuit. Details on the development procedure, calibration method and application results are also given in this paper.

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