Varying the exposure period and duration of neuroactive pharmaceuticals and their metabolites modulates effects on the visual motor response in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae

Organic UV filters are a kind of emerging pollutants, which have been widely used in personal care products (PCPs). This study evaluated the effects of benzophenone-4 (BP-4), 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) on the selected indices of antioxidative responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver. Zebrafish were exposed to two different doses (i.e., 0.5 and 5 mg L−1) of semi-static water with three individual compounds. Liver samples were collected on 7 and 14 days to analyze biochemical indicators, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Oxidative stress occurred in zebrafish liver with significantly changed indicators during the whole exposure period. Different experimental groups could induce or inhibit the activity of antioxidant enzymes with varying degrees. With a prolonged exposure time and increased exposure dose, the hepatic lipid peroxidation was also obviously observed. Moreover, the toxicity order of three organic UV filters was analyzed using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index and the results indicate that exposure to PABA for 7 days at 0.5 mg L−1 and PBSA for 7 days at 5 mg L−1 induced the most severe oxidative stress in the liver of zebrafish.

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Drug Screening with Zebrafish Visual Behavior Identifies Carvedilol as a Potential Treatment for Retinitis Pigmentosa

10.1101/2020.07.28.225789 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Logan Ganzen ◽

MeeJung Ko ◽

Mengrui Zhang ◽

Rui Xie ◽

Yongkai Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽

Drug Screening ◽

Beta Blocker ◽

Motor Response ◽

Potential Treatment ◽

Visual Behavior ◽

Summary Statement ◽

Visual Motor ◽

Inherited Retinal Degeneration

AbstractRetinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is an incurable inherited retinal degeneration affecting approximately 1 in 4,000 individuals globally. The goal of this work was to identify drugs that can help patients suffering from the disease. To accomplish this, we screened drugs on a zebrafish RP model. This model expresses a truncated human rhodopsin transgene (Tg(rho:Hsa.RH1_Q344X)) causing significant rod degeneration by 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). Consequently, the larvae displayed a deficit in visual motor response (VMR) under scotopic condition. The diminished VMR was leveraged to screen an ENZO SCREEN-WELL® REDOX library since oxidative stress is postulated to play a role in RP progression. Our screening identified a beta-blocker, carvedilol, that ameliorated the deficient VMR of the RP larvae and increased their rod number. Carvedilol can act directly on rods as it affected the adrenergic pathway in a rod-like human Y79 cell line. Since carvedilol is an FDA-approved drug, our findings suggest that carvedilol can potentially be repurposed to treat RP patients.Summary StatementThis paper presents the utilization of zebrafish visual behavior, a novel paradigm to screen and identify drugs to treat retinitis pigmentosa, an incurable retinal-degenerative disease.

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Spectral properties of the zebrafish visual motor response

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 646 ◽

pp. 62-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Charles E. Burton ◽

Yangzhong Zhou ◽

Qing Bai ◽

Edward A. Burton

Keyword(s):

Spectral Properties ◽

Motor Response ◽

Visual Motor

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Voluntary modification of rapid tactile-motor responses during reaching differs from its visuo-motor counterpart

10.1101/2020.04.01.020529 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sasha Reschechtko ◽

J. Andrew Pruszynski

Keyword(s):

Motor Response ◽

Tactile Feedback ◽

Moving Target ◽

Visually Guided ◽

Motor Responses ◽

Tactile Stimuli ◽

Rapid Responses ◽

Wide Range ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Visual Motor

AbstractPeople commonly hold and manipulate a variety of objects in everyday life, and these objects have different physical properties. In order to successfully control this wide range of objects, people must associate new patterns of tactile stimuli with appropriate motor outputs. We performed a series of experiments investigating the extent to which people can voluntarily modify tactile-motor associations in the context of a rapid tactile-motor response guiding the hand to a moving target (previously described in Pruszynski et al. 2016) by using an anti-reach paradigm in which participants were instructed to move their hands in the opposite direction of a target jump. We compared performance to that observed when people make visually guided reaches to a moving target (cf. Day & Lyon 2000, Pisella et al. 2000). When participants had visual feedback, motor responses during the anti-reach task showed early automatic responses toward the moving target before voluntary modification to move in the instructed direction. When the same participants had only tactile feedback, however, they were able to suppress this early phase of the motor response, which occurs less than 100 ms after the target jump. Our results indicate that, while the tactile motor and visual motor systems both support rapid responses that appear similar under some conditions, these responses show sharp distinctions in terms of their malleability.

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Mercury Accumulation and Elimination in Different Tissues of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to a Mercury-Supplemented Diet

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9080882 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 882

Author(s):

Hugo C. Vieira ◽

Andreia C. M. Rodrigues ◽

Amadeu M. V. M. Soares ◽

Sizenando Abreu ◽

Fernando Morgado

Keyword(s):

Water Column ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Mercury Content ◽

Mercury Accumulation ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Different Tissues ◽

Model Fish ◽

Hg Accumulation

In this study, we evaluated the bioaccumulation of mercury in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to mercury-contaminated food for 21 days and the depuration of mercury for a subsequent post-exposure period of 28 days. Four tissues (muscle, liver, gills, and skin) were analyzed for mercury content. Overall, data indicated that Hg accumulation in the liver is faster than in other tissues. Furthermore, the liver is the tissue with the highest accumulation rate per day (0.021 µg Hg g−1 day−1), followed by muscle, skin, and gills. Conversely, the Hg depuration rates in different tissues showed the following order: gills > skin > muscle > liver. The bioaccumulation factor values of liver and muscle increased linearly during the uptake period. The ratios between mercury concentration in liver and muscle during the experiment also increased during the uptake period and remained higher than 1 during the elimination period, suggesting that Danio rerio needed more than 4 weeks of depuration. Finally, the distribution of Hg in the water column during the accumulation period is Hg particulate > Hg dissolved, and during the depuration period it is the opposite, mercury particulate < mercury dissolved. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of the differences in Hg dynamics during the accumulation and depuration stages in a model fish, also emphasizing the alterations on Hg available in the water column.

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Toxic manifestations of mercuric chloride and polychlorinated biphenyls on the haematological aspects of Danio rerio

Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations ◽

10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.08 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

V. Vijayalakshmi ◽

S. Krishnaveni ◽

G. Madhuramozhi

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Mercuric Chloride ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Fresh Water Fish ◽

Zebra Fish ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: To explore the acute toxicity of major aquatic pollutants like mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and polychlorinated by phenyls (PCB) and their effects based on the haematology of fresh water fish Danio rerio (Zebra fish).Methods: Zebra fish (Danio rerio) were exposed to progressive concentrations of HgCl2 and PCB. The fishes were exposed to various concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 µg/L of mercury and PCB for a period up to two weeks. Haematological tests (total RBC, WBC count and haemoglobin concentration) were carried out on each concentration as well as control for a period of 2 weeks.Results: It was observed that, in exposure time from 0, 7 and 14 days, the total erythrocyte (RBC), leucocytes (WBC) haemoglobin (Hb) values decreased. The exposure to sub lethal doses of Mercury and PCB for 1, 7 and 14 days exposure period causes significant(Values are expressed as means ± SD. Significant difference between groups were compared to control, *p <0.01, **p <0.05) time and dose dependent alterations in total RBC, WBC and haemoglobin count compared to the control values.Conclusions: Haematological parameters constitute one of the important methods to access the health or ill health of an organism, subjected to intoxication. This demonstrates the physiological dysfunction of the haemopoietic system. Hgcl2 is a heavy metal that causes symptoms in human like and gastrointestinal disturbances, anaemia, anorexia, loss of weight, chronic inflammations of kidneys. PCB exposure in animals has been reported to develop Wasting syndrome, reduced body weight, immune toxicity, vitamin A deficiency, and thyroid hormone deficiency, reproductive effects in offspring like reduced birth weight, abnormal gonad development. It also affect the central nervous system which results in slowed learning and memory loss, and also responsible for other behavioural changes. Thus toxicity bioassay is the basic tool for the detection, evaluation and abatement of water pollution

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Knockout of stim2a Increases Calcium Oscillations in Neurons and Induces Hyperactive-Like Phenotype in Zebrafish Larvae

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21176198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 6198

Author(s):

Rishikesh Kumar Gupta ◽

Iga Wasilewska ◽

Oksana Palchevska ◽

Jacek Kuźnicki

Keyword(s):

Motor Response ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Preference Test ◽

Calcium Oscillations ◽

Dark Light ◽

Response Test ◽

Transcription Factor Genes ◽

Store Operated Calcium Entry ◽

Visual Motor

Stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins play a crucial role in store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) as endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensors. In neurons, STIM2 was shown to have distinct functions from STIM1. However, its role in brain activity and behavior was not fully elucidated. The present study analyzed behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio) that lacked stim2a. The mutant animals had no morphological abnormalities and were fertile. RNA-sequencing revealed alterations of the expression of transcription factor genes and several members of the calcium toolkit. Neuronal Ca2+ activity was measured in vivo in neurons that expressed the GCaMP5G sensor. Optic tectum neurons in stim2a−/− fish had more frequent Ca2+ signal oscillations compared with neurons in wildtype (WT) fish. We detected an increase in activity during the visual–motor response test, an increase in thigmotaxis in the open field test, and the disruption of phototaxis in the dark/light preference test in stim2a−/− mutants compared with WT. Both groups of animals reacted to glutamate and pentylenetetrazol with an increase in activity during the visual–motor response test, with no major differences between groups. Altogether, our results suggest that the hyperactive-like phenotype of stim2a−/− mutant zebrafish is caused by the dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling.

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Event-related potentials during contralateral switching over motor programs in humans

Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems ◽

10.15421/022016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 110-115

Author(s):

O. V. Korzhyk ◽

O. R. Dmutrotsa ◽

A. I. Poruchynskyi ◽

A. H. Morenko

Keyword(s):

Left Hemisphere ◽

Motor Response ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Motor Programs ◽

Men And Women ◽

Motor Responses ◽

Parietal Lobes ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Visual Motor ◽

The Right

The study of processes related to the motor response suppression and the evaluation of the next, alternative, response after termination of the already observed initial motor response is of significant interest to modern scientists. The objective of our research is to identify the gender-specific features of the amplitude-time characteristics of induced cortical electrical activity in the process of the excitation of the motor programs of manual movement. Healthy and right-handed men and women aged 18–23 participated in the research. The research tasks investigated the time of simple and complex visual-motor responses, amplitude-temporal features of N2 and P3 components of cognitive evoked potentials in the response to launch and contralateral switching (dominant or subdominant arm) of the motor program of finger flexes (pressing the remote control button) in the Stop-Change paradigm. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed in the frontal, central, and parietal lobes of the cortex. It was established that male participants had lower time indexes of simple and complex visual-motor responses than women. In addition, during the contralateral switching of motor programs of manual movements the smaller latent periods of the ERPs components in the right central and left frontal sections (component N2), in the left hemisphere lobes (component P3) among men were observed. The amplitudes of the N2 and P3 components revealed higher values in male participants at the parietal lobes. Thus, the process of recognizing and differentiating the stimulus among men was faster, with more powerful focus and attention on the operative memory. In the left hemisphere of men and women the smaller latent periods of P3component (in the central lobe) and amplitudes of N2 and P3 components were determined compared to the right hemisphere. Thus, the motor programs switching in the paradigm of the experiment occurred with the sequential activation of the left and contralateral right hemispheres.

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