A standardized approach to qualitative content analysis of focus group discussions from different countries

Abstract Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused overwhelming challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) have faced particular challenges: being exposed to the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and caring for patients having a new and potentially life-threatening disease. The aim of this study was to explore how HCWs in the Swedish healthcare system perceived their work situation during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Methods Focus group discussions and interviews with HCWs were performed from June to October 2020 in one Swedish healthcare region. A purposeful sampling approach was used to select a variety of professions (physicians, nurses, nurse aides and cleaners) and workplaces (hospital inpatient wards, emergency department, nursing home and home care service). Qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. Results In total, 51 HCWs participated in eight focus group discussions and one HCW participated in an individual interview. The content analysis identified two main categories: ‘Concerns about the risk of infection and transmission of infection to others’, and ‘Transition from chaos to managing in a new and challenging work situation’. The findings revealed how HCWs perceived working conditions, including experiences of fear for personal health, confusion and uncertainty regarding personal protective equipment and infection prevention and control (PPE/IPC), and fear of infecting others. Both fearful and appreciating attitudes were achieved from the surrounding community. Helpful strategies for transition from chaos to control were lifted i.e. present and supportive leadership, and finding comfort and strength in the working team. Both helplessness and meaningfulness were described when caring for COVID-19 patients. Conclusions This study provides unique insights into HCWs experiences of an extremely challenging work situation during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, including feelings of stress and insecurity in a chaotic and hazardous working environment. But there is also mitigation of these challenges and even positive experiences including feelings of safety and meaningfulness. To enhance safety among HCWs in healthcare crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings highlight the importance of avoiding confusion about PPE/IPC, having a supportive healthcare leadership and ensuring accurate information provision about virus transmission to the public.

Download Full-text

Traffic police officers’ use of first aid skills at work: a qualitative content analysis of focus group discussions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16849/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Menti Lastone Ndile ◽

Britt-Inger Saveman ◽

Gift G. Lukumay ◽

Dickson A. Mkoka ◽

Anne H. Outwater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Focus Group ◽

Police Officers ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Prehospital Care ◽

First Aid ◽

Working Environment ◽

World Health ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions

Abstract Background: The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends involving lay people in prehospital care. Several training programmes have been implemented to build lay responder first aid skills. Findings show that most programmes significantly improved participants’ first aid skills. However, there is a gap in knowledge of what factors influence the use of these skills in real situations. The current study aimed to describe police officers’ views on and experiences of factors that facilitate or hinder their use of trained first aid skills at work. Methods Thirty-four police officers participated in five focus group discussions. A structured interview guide was used to collect data. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified five categories of facilitators or hindrances. Training exposure was considered a facilitator; work situation and hospital atmosphere were considered hindrances; and the physical and social environments and the resources available for providing first aid could be either facilitators or hindrances.Conclusion: Practical exposure during training is perceived to improve police officers’ confidence in applying their first aid skills at work. However, contextual factors related to the working environment need to be addressed to promote this transfer of skills.

Download Full-text

Traffic police officers’ use of first aid skills at work: a qualitative content analysis of focus group discussions in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

BMC Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12873-020-00368-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Menti L. Ndile ◽

Britt-Inger Saveman ◽

Gift G. Lukumay ◽

Dickson A. Mkoka ◽

Anne H. Outwater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Focus Group ◽

Police Officers ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Prehospital Care ◽

First Aid ◽

Working Environment ◽

World Health ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions

Abstract Background The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends involving lay people in prehospital care. Several training programmes have been implemented to build lay responder first aid skills. Findings show that most programmes significantly improved participants’ first aid skills. However, there is a gap in knowledge of what factors influence the use of these skills in real situations. The current study aimed to describe police officers’ views on and experiences of factors that facilitate or hinder their use of trained first aid skills at work. Methods Thirty-four police officers participated in five focus group discussions. A structured interview guide was used to collect data. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results We identified five categories of facilitators or hindrances. Training exposure was considered a facilitator; work situation and hospital atmosphere were considered hindrances; and the physical and social environments and the resources available for providing first aid could be either facilitators or hindrances. Conclusion Practical exposure during training is perceived to improve police officers’ confidence in applying their first aid skills at work. However, contextual factors related to the working environment need to be addressed to promote this transfer of skills.

Download Full-text

Traffic police officers’ use of first aid skills at work: a qualitative content analysis of focus group discussions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16849/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Menti Lastone Ndile ◽

Britt-Inger Saveman ◽

Gift G. Lukumay ◽

Dickson A. Mkoka ◽

Anne H. Outwater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Focus Group ◽

Police Officers ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Prehospital Care ◽

First Aid ◽

Working Environment ◽

World Health ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions

Abstract Background: The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends involving lay people in prehospital care. Several training programmes have been implemented to build lay responder first aid skills. Findings show that most programmes significantly improved participants’ first aid skills. However, there is a gap in knowledge of what factors influence the use of these skills in real situations. The current study aimed to describe police officers’ views on and experiences of factors that facilitate or hinder their use of trained first aid skills at work. Methods Thirty-four police officers participated in five focus group discussions. A structured interview guide was used to collect data. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified five categories of facilitators or hindrances. Training exposure was considered a facilitator; work situation and hospital atmosphere were considered hindrances; and the physical and social environments and the resources available for providing first aid could be either facilitators or hindrances. Conclusion: Practical exposure during training is perceived to improve police officers’ confidence in applying their first aid skills at work. However, contextual factors related to the working environment need to be addressed to promote this transfer of skills.

Download Full-text

Traffic police officers’ use of first aid skills at work: a qualitative content analysis of focus group discussions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16849/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Menti Lastone Ndile ◽

Britt-Inger Saveman ◽

Gift G. Lukumay ◽

Dickson A. Mkoka ◽

Anne H. Outwater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Focus Group ◽

Police Officers ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Prehospital Care ◽

First Aid ◽

Working Environment ◽

World Health ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions

Abstract Background: The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends involving lay people in prehospital care. Several training programmes have been implemented to build lay responder first aid skills. Findings show that most programmes significantly improved participants’ first aid skills. However, there is a gap in knowledge of what factors influence the use of these skills in real situations. The current study aimed to describe police officers’ views on and experiences of factors that facilitate or hinder their use of trained first aid skills at work. Methods Thirty-four police officers participated in five focus group discussions. A structured interview guide was used to collect data. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified five categories of facilitators or hindrances. Training exposure was considered a facilitator; work situation and hospital atmosphere were considered hindrances; and the physical and social environments and the resources available for providing first aid could be either facilitators or hindrances. Conclusion: Practical exposure during training is perceived to improve police officers’ confidence in applying their first aid skills at work. However, contextual factors related to the working environment need to be addressed to promote this transfer of skills.

Download Full-text

Supporting in an existential crisis: A mixed-methods evaluation of a training model in palliative care

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951517000633 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 470-478

Author(s):

Lisa Sand ◽

Mariann Olsson ◽

Peter Strang

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Focus Group ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Training Model ◽

Care Staff ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Existential Crisis

AbstractBackground:Palliative care staff often report that they lack the skills and confidence to provide support during an existential crisis. Consequently, there is a definite need for a training program in this area.Objective:Our aim was to investigate whether a training model could give palliative care staff increased knowledge, awareness, and preparedness—all useful tools for providing support.Methods:A mixed-methods research design was used. Data were collected in four hospital-based palliative homecare teams in the Stockholm area. In total, 34 staff participated, representing different palliative care team professions. Before and after the intervention, a questionnaire with a 9-point Likert-type scale was completed (n = 34). Qualitative focus group discussions were conducted a month after the intervention (25 participants). These were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis with a manifest focus.Results:In the quantitative part of our study, the participants showed significantly increased perceived knowledge, awareness, and preparedness in every aspect (p < 0.001 for all items). The focus group discussions revealed a process that made it possible to apply new knowledge and insight. The process began with theoretical knowledge and, through care-related reflection and self-reflection, the knowledge base gradually developed and provided useful skills and increased job satisfaction.Significance of results:The team-based “TrainingModel Sand/TER” can be performed without excessive effort and contribute to improved competence in providing support during an existential crisis. It is particularly useful for staff working in clinical palliative care.

Download Full-text

An Investigation into the Translation Techniques Used in the Female Characters in the Comic of Pasutri Gaje

International Journal of Linguistics Literature & Translation ◽

10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.6.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Diana Sri Pujiastuti ◽

M.R. Nababan ◽

Riyadi Santosa

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Female Characters ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

This study is aimed to identify the translation techniques used in the female characters of the comic of Pasutri Gaje which contain annoying speech. This research is embedded in a descriptive qualitative approach conducted and the purpose of the research is to identify the translation techniques used in translating sentences accomodating expression of annoyance in the conversations of female characters in the comic pasutri gaje. Data were collected through content analysis and validated by rater through focus group discussions (FGD). The results show that there were 160 data in comic Pasutri Gaje which used 13 translations techniques, namely established equivalence, explicitation, modulation, paraphrase, implications, compensation, pure borrowing, variant borrowing, transposition, adaptation, reduction, literal, discursive creation, literal.

Download Full-text

Identifying the Main Service Elements for Customer-Oriented Live Guided Virtual Tours

Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022 ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-94751-4_19 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 213-225

Author(s):

Rosa Repo ◽

Juho Pesonen

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Social Interaction ◽

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Virtual Tour ◽

Virtual Tourism ◽

The World ◽

Customer Perspective

AbstractVirtual tourism allows people to see and experience the world without physically travelling to the destination. The objective of this study is to identify service elements critical to the development of customer-oriented live guided virtual tours. A total of three focus group discussions were conducted, with 4–5 participants in each group. All the participants were Japanese who had previously participated in live guided virtual tours. The data was analysed with qualitative content analysis, where an inductive approach was used. The findings reveal that the main expectations of the participants are related to experiencing the local culture and way of life, feeling of actually being in the destination (sense of connection), social interaction and active participation. These factors make the virtual tour feel realistic and attractive and the tourism businesses need especially to focus on these when designing virtual tours for example by providing ample opportunities for the virtual tour participants to discuss with each other and learn from each other. This study brings valuable insights into the virtual tours research from the customer perspective, especially in a non-Western context.

Download Full-text

Community perceptions about dementia in southwestern Uganda

10.21203/rs.2.12246/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Judith Owokuhaisa ◽

Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽

Edith Wakida ◽

Celestino Obua ◽

Stephanie S. Buss

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Focus Group ◽

Older Age ◽

Health Concern ◽

Community Perceptions ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Southwestern Uganda

Abstract Background With the increasing number of people surviving into older age in Africa, dementia is becoming a public health concern. Understanding the social dynamics of dementia in resource-limited settings is critical for developing effective interventions. We explored community perceptions about people with dementia in southwestern Uganda. Methods Fifty-nine individuals (aged 19-85 years, 56% female) participated in seven focus group discussions. In addition, 22 individual in-depth interviews were conducted among individuals (aged 22-84 years, 36% female). Both interviews and focus group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and evaluated using a quantitative content analysis approach. Results Five themes were generated during content analysis: i) Labeling of the illness, ii) Presentation of the person with dementia, iii) Causation, iv) Impact of the disease on people with dementia and their caregivers and v) Views on how to address unmet needs in dementia care. Dementia was commonly referred to as “ okuhuga ” or “okwebwayebwa” (also, oruhuzyo/ empugye / akahuriko) which translates as “mental disorientation”. The participants reported that most people with dementia presented with forgetfulness, defecating and urinating on themselves, wandering away from home, going out naked, and picking up garbage. Some participants perceived memory problems as a normal part of the aging process, while others attributed the cause of dementia to syphilis, cancer, allergy, old age, satanic powers, witchcraft, poor nutrition, or life stress. Participants reported multiple sources of stress for caregivers of people with dementia, including financial, social, and emotional burdens. Finally, participants suggested that community and governmental organizations should be involved in meeting the needs of people with dementia and their caregivers. Conclusions Community members in southwestern Uganda largely identified dementia as a problem that comes with older age, and can identify key features of dementia presentation. Participants identified significant stressors affecting people with dementia and their caregivers, and reported that families and caregivers would benefit from education on the management of symptoms of dementia, and assistance in overcoming associated financial, social, and emotional burdens related to caretaking.

Download Full-text

An Analysis of the Psychosocial, Financial and Emotional Needs of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors in Singapore Through Focus Group Discussions

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.49000 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 100s-100s

Author(s):

C.J. Tan ◽

Y.L. Toh ◽

I.M.J. Tan ◽

K.X.H. Yeo ◽

W.L. Goh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Side Effects ◽

Focus Group ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Young Adult Cancer Survivors ◽

Adult Cancer Survivors

Background: The adolescent and young adult (AYA) population, aged between 15-39 years, is an understudied and medically underserved community of cancer survivors in Singapore. Aim: This study was designed to elicit perspectives on various psychosocial, emotional and financial concerns that the AYA cancer survivors (CS) encountered, in their transition to survivorship. Methods: The AYA CS in the age range of 18-39 years, with at least 6 months to 2 years since diagnosis and/or completion of curative treatment were recruited for this study. Four focus group discussions, which consisted of 2-4 respondents, were conducted within the premises of National Cancer Centre Singapore. Participants were prompted by the facilitator with a series of open-ended questions on themes specific to survivorship, including treatment side-effects, sexual and reproductive health concerns, changes in work or education and survivorship support services. Participants' responses were then transcribed verbatim, and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: Twelve AYA, with a mean (±SD) age of 27.1 (±5.9) years, participated in four focus group discussions. The mean (±SD) number of years since cancer diagnosis was 2.3 (±0.6) years, with majority diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (41.6%) and germ cell tumor (25.0%). AYA CS were greatly affected by physical side-effects such as alopecia, changes in body image, and cognitive changes. There were also emotional concerns including the fear of recurrence, infertility anxieties, poor insurance coverage and lack of career advancement opportunities. Majority expressed that they preferred consulting a specialist rather than a general practitioner for their follow-up care. Conclusion: The AYA CS suffer from a multitude of problems as they transit toward survivorship. Innovative and effective survivorship care models are required to timely address their bio-psychosocial, financial and emotional concerns.

Download Full-text