Quinoxaline derivatives as herbicide safeners by improving Zea mays tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 104958
Author(s):  
Zi-Wei Wang ◽  
Li-Xia Zhao ◽  
Shuang Gao ◽  
Xin-Yu Leng ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Quinoxaline Derivatives ◽  
Herbicide Safeners

Reduction Of Isoxaflutole Injury To Corn (Zea Mays) with Herbicide Safeners And Water-repellent Adjuvants

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Nelson ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Herbicide Safeners ◽  
Water Repellents

The objectives of this research were to evaluate herbicide safeners and water repellents for their efficacy in reducing injury caused by isoxaflutole to corn at four application timings (PRE, spike, two-leaf, and four-leaf), and to evaluate the retention of the combinations of isoxaflutole, herbicide safeners, and water-repellent adjuvants. The safeners R-29148 and furilazole decreased injury from isoxaflutole when applied PRE. Corn injury increased from POST applications at the two-leaf and four-leaf stage of isoxaflutole mixed with safeners compared with isoxaflutole alone. The safeners may have acted as adjuvants to increase isoxaflutole absorption. The water-repellent adjuvants did not reduce injury when applied POST with isoxaflutole. However, the combination of safener plus the water repellent DC 1-6184 reduced corn injury from POST applications of isoxaflutole. The water repellent DC 1-6184 reduced spray retention of spray solutions containing isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole plus safener.

Protection from Primisulfuron Injury to Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with Herbicide Safeners

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marulak Simarmata ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Herbicide Safeners ◽  
Significant Injury

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate and compare herbicide safeners for protection of corn and sorghum from herbicidal injury from metolachlor, primisulfuron, and the interaction of primisulfuron with terbufos, an insecticide. With the exception of CGA-133205 which killed corn, the safeners oxabetrinil, flurazole, naphthalic anhydride, dichlormid, and R-29148 protected against significant injury from the interaction between primisulfuron (40 g ai ha−1) and terbufos (9.8 kg ha−1equivalent to 750 g per 1000 m of row) and from metolachlor (6.7 kg ai ha−1). No primisulfuron-terbufos interaction was observed in sorghum and none of the safeners protected sorghum from primisulfuron injury. PRE application of the antioxidants, piperonyl butoxide and metyrapone, increased primisulfuron injury to corn. Piperonyl butoxide by itself did not influence the growth of corn seedlings, but metyrapone caused slight injury. The increased injury from piperonyl butoxide plus primisulfuron applied at 40 g ha−1was protected by naphthalic anhydride, flurazole, and R-29148, whereas at 80 g ha−1protection was provided by flurazole and R-29148. None of the safeners tested protected against increased injury from metyrapone. Naphthalic anhydride was also an effective safener against increased corn injury when 3000 ppm piperonyl butoxide was applied foliarly 3 d prior to primisulfuron application.14C-Primisulfuron absorption by corn was not influenced by piperonyl butoxide or the safener, naphthalic anhydride. However, metabolism of14C-primisulfuron was inhibited by piperonyl butoxide. This inhibition was not totally reversed by the safener, naphthalic anhydride.

Dithiocarbamate Derivatives as Herbicide Safeners

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 815-818
Author(s):  
György Matolcsy ◽  
Ágota Tombor ◽  
Antal Gimesi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Structure Optimization ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Herbicide Safeners ◽  
Allylic Esters ◽  
Dithiocarbamate Derivatives ◽  
Random Screening

Abstract The growing environmental and toxicological concern about the dichloroacetamide type herbicide safeners prompted us to search for alternative safener types. Based on analogy con­siderations, a random screening of structurally unrelated bivalent sulphur compounds was performed, followed by successive structure optimization phases representing both speculative and empirical elements. Dithiocarbamate ester type compounds derived from 1,4-exaza-spiro[4.5]decane revealed highest protecting potency both agains thiolcarbamate and chlor-acetanilide herbicides in corn (Zea mays L.), with the benzylic and allylic esters being the most active.

Ultrastructure of Plant Leaf Tissue Infected with Mite-Borne Viral-Like Pathogens

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 178-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute ◽  
R. E. Whitmoyer ◽  
L. R. Nault
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Aceria Tulipae

A pathogen transmitted by the eriophyid mite, Aceria tulipae, infects a number of Gramineae producing symptoms similar to wheat spot mosaic virus (1). An electron microscope study of leaf ultrastructure from systemically infected Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum showed the presence of ovoid, double membrane bodies (0.1 - 0.2 microns) in the cytoplasm of parenchyma, phloem and epidermis cells (Fig. 1 ).

Identification of maize mosaic virus by immunoelectron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Maize Mosaic Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Rhabdovirus

Maize mosaic virus (MMV) causes a severe disease of Zea mays in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the southern U.S. (1-3). Fig. 1 shows internal cross striations of helical nucleoprotein and bounding membrane with surface projections typical of many plant rhabdovirus particles including MMV (3). Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) was investigated as a method for identifying MMV. Antiserum to MMV was supplied by Ramon Lastra (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela).

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

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