Relationship between shoulder abduction angle and shoulder joint complex angle at shoulder maximum external rotation during throwing motion

Physiotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. e792-e793 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Koyama ◽  
K. Miyashita ◽  
Y. Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Throwing Motion

scholarly journals Arm abduction angle at ball release influences shoulder forces and torques during the windmill softball pitch

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0040
Author(s):  
Donna Scarborough ◽  
Ryan Fallon ◽  
Eric Berkson ◽  
Luke Oh, Shannon Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Relationship Of

Objectives: Shoulder pain and ligamentous injury is a common complaint among fast pitch softball pitchers. In addition to extreme shoulder joint motion during pitch delivery, sudden deceleration immediately after ball release places increased stress across the shoulder joint. Some pitchers release the ball with the throwing arm tucked close to the trunk, while others let the arm float outwards in a more abducted position. The position of the arm at ball release (BR) may be key to the mechanism of shoulder pain. Previous work demonstrated that during the change up pitch, softball pitchers with upper extremity pain demonstrated greater shoulder abduction at stride and less trunk lateral flexion at BR compared to athletes without pain (Oliver et al 2018). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that placement of the arm closer to the trunk (shoulder adduction) at ball release will produce less shoulder stress during fastball windmill pitches. Methods: Twenty-six female fast pitch softball pitchers with a mean age of 18 +/- 6 y, including 16 high school, 7 collegiate, and 3 professional athletes, underwent 3D biomechanical pitch analyses using 20 Vicon high-speed motion capture cameras (240 hz). All pitchers threw the standard 13.11 m mound-to-plate distance at a strike zone target while a radar gun collected pitch speeds. The fastest, most accurate fastball pitches for each subject were selected for analyses (average of 5 pitches per subject). A total of 103 pitches were used to calculate: shoulder abduction angle and shoulder compression force during the BR phase (10 frames surrounding BR) and peak shoulder torques. Pearson correlations were performed to determine the relationship of shoulder frontal plane (adduction/abduction) angle during the ball release phase to these biomechanical measures. Results: The smallest abduction shoulder angle reached during the BR phase (avg: 14.06 +/- 6.71 degrees) demonstrated a significant positive correlation with shoulder compression force, p=0.008 and with peak flexion torque, p< 0.001 (Table 1). This shoulder abduction angle during the BR phase demonstrated negative correlations with peak shoulder adduction torque, p<0.001 and shoulder internal rotation torque, p< 0.001. Conclusion: These initial findings support the hypothesis that pitchers who release the ball with their arm close to their trunk demonstrate lower shoulder compression forces and shoulder flexion torques than those with a more abducted arm position. Future studies are needed to explore the interplay of pitching technique mechanics, shoulder joint stresses, and injury history to inform pitching instruction and injury prevention efforts. [Table: see text]

Traumatic Brachial Plexus Palsy in Children: Long-Term Outcome and Strategy of Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek A. El-Gammal ◽  
Amr El-Sayed ◽  
Mohamed M. Kotb ◽  
Waleed Riad Saleh ◽  
Yasser Farouk Ragheb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Abstract Background Traumatic brachial plexus injuries in children represent a definite spectrum of injuries between adult and neonatal brachial plexus injuries. Their characteristics have been scarcely reported in the literature. The priority of functional restoration is not clear. Materials and Methods In total, 52 children with surgically treated traumatic brachial plexus injuries, excluding Erb's palsy, were reviewed after a minimum follow-up of 2 years. All children except nine were males, with an average age at surgery of 8 years. Forty-five children had exclusive supraclavicular plexus injuries. Twenty-one of them (46%) had two or more root avulsions. Seven children (13.5%) had infraclavicular plexus injuries. Time from trauma to surgery varied from 1 to 15 months (mean = 4.7 months). Extraplexal neurotization was the most common surgical technique used. Results Shoulder abduction and external rotation were restored to an average of 83 and 26 degrees, respectively. Elbow flexion and extension were restored to grade ≥3 in 96 and 91.5% of cases, respectively. Finger flexion and extension were restored to grade ≥4 in 29 and 32% of cases, respectively. Wrist flexion and extension were restored to grade ≥4 in 21 and 27% of cases, respectively. Results of neurotization were superior to those of neurolysis and nerve grafting. Among the 24 children with insensate hands, 20 (83.3%) recovered S3 sensation, 3 recovered S2, and 1 recovered S1. No case complained of neuropathic pain. Functional recovery correlated negatively but insignificantly with the age at surgery and time from injury to surgery. Conclusion Brachial plexus injuries in children are associated with a high incidence root avulsions and no pain. Neurotization is frequently required and the outcome is not significantly affected by the delay in surgery. In total plexus injuries, some useful hand function can be restored, and management should follow that of obstetric palsy and be focused on innervating the medial cord.

Clinical findings in C5-C6 and C5-C7 root palsies with brachial plexus traction lesions

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bertelli ◽  
M. F. Ghizoni
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Finger Extension ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Flexion Extension

Stretch injuries of the C5-C7 roots of the brachial plexus traditionally have been associated with palsies of shoulder abduction/external rotation, elbow flexion/extension, and wrist, thumb, and finger extension. Based on current myotome maps we hypothesized that, as far as motion is concerned, palsies involving C5-C6 and C5-C7 root injuries should be similar. In 38 patients with upper-type palsies of the brachial plexus, we examined for correlations between clinical findings and root injury level, as documented by CT tomomyeloscan. Contrary to commonly held beliefs, C5-C7 root injuries were not associated with loss of extension of the elbow, wrist, thumb, or fingers, but residual hand strength was much lower with C5-C7 vs C5-C6 lesions.

scholarly journals Humerus Varus A Case Report Presenting with Excess of External Rotation of Shoulder Joint.

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Hisaaki Miyahara ◽  
Kazuo Hayashi ◽  
Yoichi Sugioka
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
External Rotation

An adjustable shoulder abduction orthosis for the post-operative management of tendon transfers: A preliminary study

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suat Erel ◽  
İbrahim Engin Şimşek ◽  
Çiğdem Ayhan ◽  
Nilgün Bek ◽  
Yavuz Yakut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Musculus Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus ◽  
Teres Major ◽  
Preliminary Study

Transfer of Musculus Latissimus dorsi/M. Teres major to the rotator cuff with or without M. Subscapularis/M. Pectoralis release is a widely used procedure for restoring shoulder abduction and external rotation in squeal of obstetric brachial plexus palsy. After the operation a shoulder abduction orthosis in maximal external rotation and 90 – 100° abduction is utilized following six weeks of immobilization in a shoulder spica cast for protecting the newly transferred muscle from undue elongation. However this in turn may cause contracture of the external rotators. To overcome this problem, a modified shoulder abduction splint with adjustable internal-external rotation/abduction-adduction ranges was developed in the orthotics department of a rehabilitation center. The custom molded adjustable shoulder abduction orthosis is described and the preliminary results are compared with former applications.

scholarly journals Higher bench press performance resulted in higher shoulder stiffness among perak sukma 2018 female rugby players

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohansundar Sankaravel ◽  
Nur Ikhwan Mohamad ◽  
Aida Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Rugby Players

Bench press exercise is extensively used for chest and shoulder strength development. Joint stiffness is one of the side-effects that may occur with the exercise. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bench press load and shoulder joint stiffness. Sixteen female rugby players (body weight 53.98 ± 7.14 kg, height 156 ± 5.38 cm) selected for Perak SUKMA 2018 team were assessed during centralized training ~9 months prior to the competition. Shoulder joint stiffness in terms of external and internal rotation range of motions were assessed by a qualified physiotherapist. The participants then performed one repetition maximum (1-RM) Bench press, according to the National Strength & Conditioning Association (NSCA)'s protocol.  Standardized warm-up and cooling-down protocol were prescribed to the participants accordingly. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for statistical correlation analysis. Both side shoulder internal and external rotation range of motion measurements showed a negative correlation (r=-0.190 internal, r=-0.285 external) with bench press (average 1-RM load 50.83 ± 9.00 kg) performance. Bench press exercises may result in reduced shoulder mobility due to an increase of muscular tightness around the joint. Maintaining normal mobility of shoulder joint throughout any strength training program is warranted and suggested. The finding also highlighted the importance of the mobility program to always be included together with a strength training programme for athletes.

scholarly journals Isokinetic Strength Profile of Shoulder Internal and External Rotators of Adolescent Volleyball Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0027
Author(s):  
Gulcan Harput ◽  
Hande Guney ◽  
Fatma Filiz Colakoglu ◽  
Gul Baltacı
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
External Rotator ◽  
Limb Dominance

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of limb dominance and gender on isometric, eccentric and concentric strength of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles in adolescent volleyball players. Methods: Forty adolescent volleyball players [Male: 23( Age: 15.5±1.4 yrs, Body weight: 72±10.2 kg, Height: 184.4±7.6 cm, BMI: 20.9±2.6 kg/m2), Female: ( Age: 16.7±0.9 yrs, Body weight: 60.7±8.2 kg, Height: 172.5±5.3 cm, BMI: 20.4±2.3 kg/m2) participated in this study. Isomed 2000 isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength testing. Isometric strength testing of shoulder internal and external rotator muscles were performed at 90 ° shoulder abduction and external rotation position. In the same position, concentric and eccentric muscle testing was performed at 90°/s angular velocity. Strength outcomes were recorded as Nm/kg. 2-way repeated measures of ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: Dominance by gender interaction was not found significant for internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscles' strength (IR: F(1,72)=2.87, p=0.06, ER: F(1,72)=1.98, p=0.15). There was a significant strength by dominance interaction for internal rotator muscles (F(2,72)=18.52, p<0.001). Isometric strength was greater in dominant limb (p<0.001)while concentric strength was found greater in non-dominant limb(p=0.006). Eccentric strength was found similar for limbs (p=0.18). IR muscles showed greater strength during eccentric (1.03±0.05), concentric (0.76±0.03) and isometric test (0.69±0.03), respectively. On the other hand, external rotators showed greater strength during eccentric (0.49±0.4), isometric (0.40±0.3) and concentric test (0.36±0.3), respectively. There was no significant gender effect on the strength (IR: F(2,72)=0.31, p=0.73, ER: F(2,72)=0.42, p=0.66). Conclusion: The strength of shoulder internal and external rotator muscles do not differ according to gender in adolescent volleyball players. Limb dominance has an effect on the strength of internal rotator muscles while it has no effect on the strength of external rotators. Both muscle groups show greater strength during eccentric testing.

Shoulder abduction and external rotation restoration with nerve transfer

Injury ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kostas-Agnantis ◽  
Anastasios Korompilias ◽  
Marios Vekris ◽  
Marios Lykissas ◽  
Ioannis Gkiatas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Shoulder Abduction
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