Effect of oxygen on multidrug resistance in the first trimester human placenta

Abstract The development of the placenta is dependent upon the regulated proliferation, invasion and differentiation of trophoblast. Expression of cytokines at the feto-maternal interface suggests that these molecules may participate in placentation. The expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) during the development of the human placenta was studied by immunohistochemistry using an anti-G-CSF monoclonal antibody (mAb) and two novel anti-G-CSFR mAbs. G-CSF was present in the stroma of fetal chorionic villi and maternal decidual tissues throughout pregnancy. G-CSFR was detected at high levels in fetal first and third, but not second trimester placental tissues. Staining for G-CSFR was undetectable in maternal decidual tissue from all gestational stages. In first trimester tissues, staining for placental G-CSFR was strongest in differentiated syncytiotrophoblast and invasive, extravillous cytotrophoblast, and weak staining was evident in undifferentiated cytotrophoblast. Immunohistochemical data suggesting temporal regulation of G-CSFR were corroborated by Western blotting and amplification by reverse transcription and PCR of G-CSFR mRNA. These data suggested that expression of G-CSFR in the human placenta is regulated both temporally and spatially, and that placental G-CSF is involved in paracrine regulation, and indicate a role for G-CSF and G-CSFR in trophoblast growth or function during placentation. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 149, 249–258

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SNAT4 isoform of system A amino acid transporter is expressed in human placenta

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00258.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 290 (1) ◽

pp. C305-C312 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

M. Desforges ◽

H. A. Lacey ◽

J. D. Glazier ◽

S. L. Greenwood ◽

K. J. Mynett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Western Blot ◽

Human Placenta ◽

Blot Analysis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Amino Acid Transporter ◽

Full Term ◽

System A ◽

Acid Transporter

The system A amino acid transporter is encoded by three members of the Slc38 gene family, giving rise to three subtypes: Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT)1, SNAT2, and SNAT4. SNAT2 is expressed ubiquitously in mammalian tissues; SNAT1 is predominantly expressed in heart, brain, and placenta; and SNAT4 is reported to be expressed solely by the liver. In the placenta, system A has an essential role in the supply of neutral amino acids needed for fetal growth. In the present study, we examined expression and localization of SNAT1, SNAT2, and SNAT4 in human placenta during gestation. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to examine steady-state levels of system A subtype mRNA in early (6–10 wk) and late (10–13 wk) first-trimester and full-term (38–40 wk) placentas. We detected mRNA for all three isoforms from early gestation onward. There were no differences in SNAT1 and SNAT2 mRNA expression with gestation. However, SNAT4 mRNA expression was significantly higher early in the first trimester compared with the full-term placenta ( P < 0.01). We next investigated SNAT4 protein expression in human placenta. In contrast to the observation for gene expression, Western blot analysis revealed that SNAT4 protein expression was significantly higher at term compared with the first trimester ( P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed that SNAT4 is localized to the microvillous and basal plasma membranes of the syncytiotrophoblast, suggesting a role for this isoform of system A in amino acid transport across the placenta. This study therefore provides the first evidence of SNAT4 mRNA and protein expression in the human placenta, both at the first trimester and at full term.

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Nitric Oxide Synthase in First-Trimester Human Placenta: Characterization and Subcellular Distribution

Hypertension in Pregnancy ◽

10.3109/10641959509015675 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 287-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Miklós Tóth ◽

Zoltan Kukor ◽

Roberto Romero ◽

Frank Hertelendy

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Human Placenta ◽

Subcellular Distribution ◽

First Trimester ◽

Oxide Synthase

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Modulation of Wolframin Expression in Human Placenta during Pregnancy: Comparison among Physiological and Pathological States

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/985478 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angela Lucariello ◽

Angelica Perna ◽

Carmine Sellitto ◽

Alfonso Baldi ◽

Alessandro Iannaccone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Placenta ◽

Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Wolfram Syndrome ◽

First Trimester ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Cytotrophoblast Cell ◽

The Third ◽

Normal Placenta

TheWFS1gene, encoding a transmembrane glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum called wolframin, is mutated in Wolfram syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder defined by the association of diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and further organ abnormalities. Disruption of theWFS1gene in mice causes progressiveβ-cell loss in the pancreas and impaired stimulus-secretion coupling in insulin secretion. However, little is known about the physiological functions of this protein. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of wolframin in human placenta throughout pregnancy in normal women and diabetic pregnant women. In normal placenta, there was a modulation of wolframin throughout pregnancy with a strong level of expression during the first trimester and a moderate level in the third trimester of gestation. In diabetic women, wolframin expression was strongly reduced in the third trimester of gestation. The pattern of expression of wolframin in normal placenta suggests that this protein may be required to sustain normal rates of cytotrophoblast cell proliferation during the first trimester of gestation. The decrease in wolframin expression in diabetic placenta suggests that this protein may participate in maintaining the physiologic glucose homeostasis in this organ.

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