Association between proNGF receptors and apoptosis in human placentae

Placenta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. e75
Author(s):  
Prachi Pathare-Ingawale ◽  
Niharika Gogate ◽  
Yogesh Thube ◽  
Preeti Chavan-Gautam ◽  
Girija wagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Placentae

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF 16-OXOOESTRADIOL-17β IN HUMAN PLACENTAE

1959 ◽  
Vol XXXII (II) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Diczfalusy ◽  
Anne-Marie v. Münstermann
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Human Placentae

ABSTRACT From the ethanol extract of 100 full term placentae approximately 200 μg of an α-ketolic Kober chromogen have been isolated in a »free« form. The evidence obtained indicates that this α-ketolic Kober chromogen is identical with 16-oxooestradiol-17β.

scholarly journals ACE2, TMPRSS2 and L-SIGN expression in placentae from HIV-positive pregnancies exposed to antiretroviral therapy–implications for SARS-CoV-2 placental infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Kala ◽  
Ksenia Meteleva ◽  
Lena Serghides
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Entry Receptor ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Human Placentae

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor ACE2 and the spike protein priming protease TMPRSS2 are co-expressed in human placentae. It is unknown whether their expression is altered in the context of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We compared mRNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry mediators ACE2, TMPRSS2 and L-SIGN (an alternative entry receptor) by qPCR in 105 placentae: 45 from pregnant women with HIV (WHIV) exposed to protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART, 17 from WHIV on non-PI-based ART, and 43 from HIV-uninfected women. Results ACE2 levels were lower, while L-SIGN levels were higher in placentae from WHIV on PI-based ART as compared to those on non-PI-based ART and to HIV-uninfected women. TMPRSS2 levels were similar between groups. Black race was significantly associated with lower expression of ACE2 and higher expression of L-SIGN. ACE2 levels were significantly higher in placentae of female fetuses. Discussion We have identified pregnant women of Black race and WHIV who are on PI-based ART to have relatively lower expression of placental ACE2 than those of White race and HIV-uninfected women. This effect may potentially contribute to altered susceptibility to COVID-19 in these women, either favorably; by reduced viral entry, or detrimentally; by loss of ACE2 protection against hyperinflammation.

AROMATIZING ACTIVITY OF PLACENTAL MICROSOMAL FRACTIONS FROM EWES IN LATE GESTATION

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. MANN ◽  
L. B. CURET ◽  
A. E. COLAS
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Dramatic Rise ◽  
Oestradiol Production ◽  
Human Placentae

SUMMARY Placental microsomes from eight domestic sheep at 136–146 days of gestation were incubated with radioactive androstenedione, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Aromatizing activity was examined in the presence and absence of cortisol and the rates of both oestrone and oestradiol synthesis were measured. Oestrone predominated in preference to oestradiol in most of the incubations, a result opposite to that found with human placentae. The sharp increase in the rate of oestradiol production found in the 144- to 146-day-old placentae incubated with testosterone may indicate a more rapid increase of aromatizing than of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. The presence of cortisol in the mixtures did not significantly affect the placental aromatizing activity, indicating that there is no direct effect of cortisol on the enzyme system as measured in vitro. The dramatic rise of overall mean aromatizing activity from 4·86 ± 0·22 (s.e.m.) at 138–141 days of gestation to 12·96 ± 0·38 pmol/mg protein/min at 144–146 days (with a greater relative increase in the rate of oestradiol formation), suggests that changes in placental aromatizing activity may play an important role in maternal and foetal plasma oestrogen surges before ovine parturition.

Quantitative analysis of bisphenol a in human placentae from nine counties across the U.S.: National Children’s Study (NCS)

Placenta ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. A110
Author(s):  
Alan Friedman ◽  
Michelle Friedman ◽  
Richard K. Miller ◽  
Christopher J. Stodgell ◽  
Lisa Littman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Human Placentae

Proliferation and agglutinability of primary and transformed human epithelial cells in culture

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-561
Author(s):  
M.A. Ricard ◽  
R.J. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chloromethyl Ketone ◽  
Normal Populations ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Cell Strains ◽  
Human Placentae

Primary epithelial populations (HAM) were obtained by dissociation of the amniotic membrane stripped from human placentae. Agglutinability of cells from such normal populations and of cells from the transformed epithelial line WISH was then compared using concavanalin A as mediator. Extensive similar studies have previously been reported with cell strains isolated from other species. Freshly dissociated HAM cells from primary cultures agglutinated much less readily than did cells from WISH populations. Furthermore, the former exhibited a drastic decline in agglutinability as a function of time in suspension culture after trypsinization. Short-term exposure (60 h) of HAM cells in monolayer culture to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) elicited heightened agglutinability detectable through 22 days in vitro. Addition of the protease inhibitors n-tosyl-L-lysyl-chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) or p-tosyl-L-arginine-methyl ester (TAME) to the culture medium inhibited proliferation of the WISH line by 40–50% while effecting only a 10–15% inhibition of HAM cells. These results also confirm data with other cell species indicating that high proteolytic activity at the surface of transformed cells may be related to the rapid proliferation rate.

Endothelia of term human placentae display diminished expression of tight junction proteins during preeclampsia

2006 ◽  
Vol 324 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Liévano ◽  
Lourdes Alarcón ◽  
Bibiana Chávez–Munguía ◽  
Lorenza González–Mariscal
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Junction Proteins ◽  
Human Placentae

Gestational tissue phospholipase A2 messenger RNA content and the onset of spontaneous labour in the human

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Aitken ◽  
GE Rice ◽  
SP Brennecke
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Spontaneous Labour ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Gestational Tissues ◽  
Spontaneous Onset ◽  
Human Placentae

Considerable evidence supports a central role for prostaglandins in the genesis of uterine activity and cervical dilatation at the time of human labour. The first step in prostaglandin synthesis is the liberation of arachidonic acid from glycerophospholipids by phospholipase A2. In this study, we examined the periparturitional gene expression of PLA2 in human placentae and fetal membranes, using a cDNA clone for non-pancreatic PLA2. PLA2 gene expression was found to be significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in placentae obtained after spontaneous-onset labour and normal vaginal delivery as compared with placentae from elective Caesarean section. In both of these groups, PLA2 expression in amnion and chorion was significantly less than that in placenta. The results of this study suggest that placental PLA2 gene expression increases in association with spontaneous-onset of labour in the human. This conclusion is consistent with the finding of increased levels of prostaglandins in gestational tissues, amniotic fluid and blood plasma at the time of labour.

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