Transformation of the welfare state in Lithuania: Towards globalization and Europeanization

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Aidukaite
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
Social Security Reforms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Welfare State

This paper is designed to shed some light on possible impacts of globalization and Europeanization on social security reforms in one of the new EU member state - Lithuania. The paper is based on 67 expert interviews conducted with the political elite, academics, journalists, senior civil servants, interest group representatives and the economic elite. The paper highlights the higher influence of globalization through the activities of such supranational agencies as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund compared to the impact of cognitive Europeanization on social security reforms.

From Prebendalism to Predation: the Political Economy of Decline in Nigeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Adjustment Programme ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Early Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Upon taking power in August 1985, General Ibrahim Babangida promised a decisive course of economic and political change for Nigeria. Alongside a phased transition to democratic rule, the new President outlined far-reaching reforms intended to alleviate major distortions in the economy, to resolve a lingering impasse with external creditors, and to reduce a mounting burden of debt. Within a year, a comprehensive structural adjustment programme (SAP) was launched, incorporating key policies advocated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and yielding significant early results in stabilising the economy and arresting decline.

scholarly journals Wpływ międzynarodowych instytucji finansowych na sytuację gospodarczą krajów najsłabiej rozwiniętych

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (3) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Jakub Kraciuk
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The aim of the study was to show the impact of the activities of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank on the economic situation of the least developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It was found that the operation of these organizations in accordance with the principles of the Washington consensus did not bring the expected results, and the credit aid of IMF and World Bank increased debt, but did not contribute to a significant GDP growth per capita in the analyzed countries. Therefore, it is necessary to change the rules of operation of international financial institutions towards least developed countries. The proposed adjustment programs are to generate economic growth, which will be subordinated to the needs of societies, and the choice of economic and social policy options should be adapted to the conditions of a given country.

Globalization, International Finance, and Political Islam in the Arab World

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed El-Said ◽  
Jane Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

This article looks at one important aspect of globalization in the Arab World, namely the provision of international finance by the US, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank in support of economic liberalization programs. This flow of international finance has been partly determined by geopolitical factors and in some countries has resulted in a decline in state provision of social welfare, increased poverty, and increased inequality. Not only has this form of globalization been increasingly challenged by Islamist groups, but many such groups have moved in to provide social capital and fill the welfare gap created by the gradual withdrawal of the state from socio-economic affairs. Globalization has thus strengthened the hand of political Islam and undermined the political legitimacy of incumbent regimes.

Self-sufficient development: confronting dependence and adapting to globalization*

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-371
Author(s):  
Gouwth Ould al-Talib Jiddo ◽  
Saad Bouh Ould Sidaty
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

This article deals with the problematic of self-sufficient development at the theoretical level and in the context of globalization, especially in regard to how the various predominant Western conceptions of such have been understood, analyzed, questioned and/or adapted in the Arab world. The author explores the question of viable development and accumulation in countries emerging from systems of pre-capitalist relations, and attempts to assess whether or not Western expectations and policies – such as those of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations – are germane to or feasible in such nations and whether or not they facilitate self-reliance or actually impede or militate against it. Taken into consideration are the major theories of exogenous and endogenous growth as well as the impact of international economic and monetary unions in the context of globalization.

Gospel Music as a Mirror of the Political and Socio-Economic Developments in Zimbabwe, 1980-2007

Exchange ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-354
Author(s):  
Gadziro Gwekwerere
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Gospel Music ◽  
The Political ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Ruling Party

AbstractThis paper explores, analyses and discusses Zimbabwean gospel song themes from 1980 up to 2007 in relation to the Zimbabwean political and socio-economic situations in the country. The history of the socio-economic and political development of Zimbabwe during 1980-2007 would certainly be incomplete without including gospel music. Until about the mid-1980s, the general atmosphere in the newly-independent state of Zimbabwe was characterized by liberation euphoria and great optimism for the future. Equally so, local gospel music during this period was largely celebrative and conformist as far as the political and socio-economic dispensation was concerned. Socio-economic hardships crept in as a result of the government's implementation of neo-liberal economic reforms under the guidance of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) during the early 1990s. The ruling party soon found itself confronted by a multitude of gospel musicians criticizing its policies and malpractices. Works of various gospel artistes will be used as evidence but due to issues of space, it has not been possible to cover all Zimbabwean gospel artists.

The Politics of Welfare in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Yörük
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter examines the political dynamics that have shaped the transformation of the Turkish welfare system since the 1960s. Over the years, income-based social assistance policies have supplanted employment-based social security policies, while the welfare state has significantly expanded. To explain why and how the Turkish welfare state has expanded during neoliberalism and why social policies have shifted from social security to social assistance, the chapter focuses on the rivalries between mainstream parties and the impact of grassroots politics, as well as the political mechanisms that mediate and transform structural pressures into policies. The chapter illustrates that political efforts to contain the political radicalization of the informal proletariat and to mobilize its electoral support have driven the expansion of social assistance policies during the post-1980 neoliberal period. State authorities now see the informal proletariat as a more significant political threat and source of support than the formal proletariat whose dynamism drove the expansion of the welfare state during the pre-1980 developmentalist period. The chapter provides a historical analysis of the interaction between parliamentary processes and social movements in order to account for the transformation of welfare provision in Turkey. It concludes by locating Turkey in a larger context, in which other emerging markets develop similar welfare states as a response to similar political exigencies.

scholarly journals International Organizations Lending Policy, are There Strings Attached? A Case Study From the Latest Wave of Reforms in the Albanian Social Security System

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110376
Author(s):  
Gentian Qejvanaj
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Lending Policy ◽  
Social Security Reforms ◽  
The Eu

Pension policy reform in post-communist countries received attention from most international organizations since the early 1990s. Accordingly, Albania has implemented comprehensive liberalization and privatization of the state sector since transitioning to a market economy. This study will look at the impact that the European Union (EU), the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund had in guiding the Albanian state-run social security system toward principles of decentralization, liberalization and privatization. Specifically, social security reforms between 2009 to 2019 will be examined, along with a focus on the side-effect of the conditions imposed by the three organizations. A mixed-method including literature review and secondary data analysis will empirically evidence growing inequality, with senior citizens poverty rate sharply rising due to reforms in social security. Our conclusions will argue that closer ties with the EU will keep social security in its current form, as the EU does not push for a specific pension system, while the World Bank policy influence will lose ground, thus freeing Albania from periodic social security reforms.

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