Antifungal activities of polyhexamethylene biguanide and polyhexamethylene guanide against the citrus sour rot pathogen Geotrichum citri-aurantii in vitro and in vivo

Abstract Posaconazole (POS) is a new triazole drug with broad-spectrum in vitro activity against most yeasts and molds such as Candida, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Zygomycetes, as well as certain species of dimorphic fungi and endemic fungi. In immunocompetent or immunocompromised animal models with invasive fungal infections, POS has demonstrated highly effective, broad-spectrum antifungal activities. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of POS were superior to those of other azoles against Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Aspergillus terrus, Fusarium and Zygomycetes. In vivo susceptibility studies have shown promising efficacy of POS against life-threatening fungal infections in animal models with different immune status and infection sites.

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Chemical characterization and determination of in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils from four Eucalyptus species against the Hemileia vastatrix Berk and Br fungus, the agent of coffee leaf rust

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.09.p2249 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1379-1384

Author(s):

Alex Rodrigues Silva Caetano ◽

Sara Maria Chalfoun ◽

Mario Lúcio Vilela Resende ◽

Caroline Lima Angélico ◽

Wilder Douglas Santiago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Hemileia Vastatrix ◽

Antifungal Activities

Essential oils, also known as volatile oils, are substances produced through the secondary metabolism of plants. In this study, we determined the chemical composition and the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of the essential oils from four species of Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus microcorys, against the Hemileia vastatrix fungus. The essential oils from these four species of Eucalyptus were extracted from their leaves by the hydrodistillation technique using a modified Clevenger apparatus. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector and by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector. The antifungal activities of the essential oils against H. vastatrix were studied by evaluating the percentage of spore germination using the microdilution test for in vitro assays. The curative and preventive effects were evaluated in in vivo tests. The principal constituents of the essential oil from E. citriodora were citronellal, citronellol and isopulegol, while E. camaldulensis produced 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol and α-pinene. 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and α-terpineol were obtained from E. grandis and 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and trans-pinocarveol were the principal components in the essential oil of E. microcorys. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against the fungus under study were observed for most of the essential oils, except the essential oil from E. microcorys, for which no preventive antifungal activity was observed. Only the curing of infection by the H. vastatrix fungus was observed with this oil.

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Correlation between In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activities in Experimental Fluconazole-Resistant Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Candidiasis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/.38.6.2369-2373.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 2369-2373

Author(s):

Thomas J. Walsh ◽

Corina E. Gonzalez ◽

Steven Piscitelli ◽

John D. Bacher ◽

Joanne Peter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Candidiasis ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Fluconazole Resistant

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Application of Dithiocarbamates as Potential New Antitrypanosomatids-Drugs: Approach Chemistry, Functional and Biological

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24152806 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (15) ◽

pp. 2806 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Johny Wysllas de Freitas Oliveira ◽

Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha ◽

Wendy Marina Toscano Queiroz de Medeiros ◽

Marcelo Sousa Silva

Keyword(s):

Chagas Disease ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

African Trypanosomiasis ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Pharmacological Control

Dithiocarbamates represent a class of compounds that were evaluated in different biomedical applications because of their chemical versatility. For this reason, several pharmacological activities have already been attributed to these compounds, such as antiparasitic, antiviral, antifungal activities, among others. Therefore, compounds that are based on dithiocarbamates have been evaluated in different in vivo and in vitro models as potential new antimicrobials. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present the possibilities of using dithiocarbamate compounds as potential new antitrypanosomatids-drugs, which could be used for the pharmacological control of Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and African trypanosomiasis.

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Improved Cell Selectivity of Pseudin-2 via Substitution in the Leucine-Zipper Motif: In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9120921 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 921

Author(s):

Seong-Cheol Park ◽

Heabin Kim ◽

Jin-Young Kim ◽

Hyeonseok Kim ◽

Gang-Won Cheong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Leucine Zipper ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Repeated Sequence ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Leucine Zipper Motif ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Cell Selectivity

Several antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been discovered, developed, and purified from natural sources and peptide engineering; however, the clinical applications of these AMPs are limited owing to their lack of abundance and side effects related to cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, and hemolytic activity. Accordingly, to improve cell selectivity for pseudin-2, an AMP from Pseudis paradoxa skin, in mammalian cells and pathogenic fungi, the sequence of pseudin-2 was modified by alanine or lysine at each position of two amino acids within the leucine-zipper motif. Alanine-substituted variants were highly selective toward fungi over HaCaT and erythrocytes and maintained their antifungal activities and mode of action (membranolysis). However, the antifungal activities of lysine-substituted peptides were reduced, and the compound could penetrate into fungal cells, followed by induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cell death. In vivo antifungal assays of analogous peptide showed excellent antifungal efficiency in a Candida tropicalis skin infection mouse model. Our results demonstrated the usefulness of selective amino acid substitution in the repeated sequence of the leucine-zipper motif for the design of AMPs with potent antimicrobial activities and low toxicity.

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