scholarly journals Step and Stride Length Characteristics of the Transtibial Amputee Walking Gait for using and without using Functional Ankle Joint Component

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
L. Herdiman ◽  
N. Adiputra ◽  
K. Tirtayasa ◽  
I.B. Adnyana Manuaba
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Transtibial Amputee

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Powered Artificial Gastrocnemius for Transtibial Amputee Gait

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Eilenberg ◽  
Jiun-Yih Kuan ◽  
Hugh Herr
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Transtibial Amputee ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Metabolic Data ◽  
Knee Orthosis ◽  
Positive Work

Existing robotic transtibial prostheses provide only ankle joint actuation and do not restore biarticular function of the gastrocnemius muscle. This paper presents the first powered biarticular transtibial prosthesis, which is a combination of a commercial powered ankle-foot prosthesis and a motorized robotic knee orthosis. The orthosis is controlled to emulate the human gastrocnemius based on neuromuscular models of matched nonamputees. Together with the ankle-foot prosthesis, the devices provide biarticular actuation. We evaluate differences between this biarticular condition and a monoarticular condition with the orthosis behaving as a free-joint. Six participants with transtibial amputation walk with the prosthesis on a treadmill while motion, force, and metabolic data are collected and analyzed for differences between conditions. The biarticular prosthesis reduces affected-side biological knee flexion moment impulse and hip positive work during late-stance knee flexion, compared to the monoarticular condition. The data do not support our hypothesis that metabolism decreases for all participants, but some participants demonstrate large metabolic reductions with the biarticular condition. These preliminary results suggest that a powered artificial gastrocnemius may be capable of providing large metabolic reductions compared to a monoarticular prosthesis, but further study is warranted to determine an appropriate controller for achieving more consistent metabolic benefits.

scholarly journals An Attempt to Improve Stance Mechanics of Trans-Tibial Amputee Gait by the Design of a Modular Ankle Joint Prosthetic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair B. During ◽  
Sudesh Sivarasu ◽  
George Vicatos
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Compression Springs ◽  
Amputee Gait

A-priori research show that trans-tibial (TT) amputees display poor gait parameters when walking with passive mechanical ankle-foot prosthetics (AFP’s). This has large implications for the amputee populations in the developing world, who have limited access to advanced prosthetic technologies and instead rely on baseline AFP’s. Analysis of such baseline AFP’s in literature indicates that the predominant issue with these devices are their inability to adequately replicate the mechanics of a normal ankle during the stance phase of a walking gait cycle. This has shown to be a contributory cause of increased energy expenditure, as well as secondary complications such as osteoarthritis and joint deterioration. This paper presents the design and analysis of a modular low-cost ankle-joint prosthetic (AJP) that serves as an attachment to existing prosthetic feet, with the intention to improve the ankle mechanics thereof. The AJP is modelled to reproduce ankle joint mechanisms, specifically controlled relative angular flexion in the sagittal plane, using only simple mechanical elements (i.e. compression springs instead of electronics). Initial results were positive, indicating that the AJP improves the stance phase mechanics of the baseline AFP in a simulated TT amputee gait cycle. During forefoot dorsiflexion rollover, an 80%–132% (p < 0.001) increase in joint angle and a 42–56% decrease in ankle stiffness (p < 0.001 for all but one participant) is observed. Following heelstrike a 22%–77% (p < 0.001) increase in joint angle is observed. However equipment and methodology errors left the moment response of this phase unverifiable. The overall conclusion of this paper is that the introduction of the AJP to baseline AFP’s supplies evidence of improved rollover shapes, easier phase transitions, and the facilitation of footflat during mid-stance.

THE EFFECTS OF INCREASING INSOLE STIFFNESS ON FOOT AND ANKLE MECHANICS IN WALKING GAIT

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150023
Author(s):  
Li Jin
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Normal Speed ◽  
Positive Work

The energetic pattern of the foot–ankle system is critical in human walking gait. While some of the mechanical energy was dissipated due to foot segment deformation in walking stance phase. Increasing footwear insole bending stiffness was reported to restrict foot segment bending behavior and this was reported to reduce foot segment energy dissipation. While little is known whether increasing footwear insole bending stiffness would alter foot–ankle system mechanical work generation and absorption patterns. Two healthy subjects (one female, one male; age [Formula: see text] years, height [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, weight [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg) participated in this study and they were asked to walk at self-selected normal speed with the same footwear (Nike Free RN Flyknit, 2017) in two different insole stiffness conditions: (i) normal shoe insole (NSI); (ii) carbon fiber insole (CFI). Paired sample [Formula: see text]-test was conducted between NSI and CFI for all outcome measures. No statistically significant differences in the outcome variables were found between the two insole conditions. While foot segment positive work and mechanical work ratio were 45.54% and 68.43% higher in CFI than in NSI condition, respectively; foot negative work was 25.02% lower in CFI than in NSI condition. However, ankle joint positive work and work ratio were around more than 10% higher in NSI than in CFI condition, and ankle peak positive power in NSI was 23.93% higher than in CFI condition. Additionally, foot–ankle system overall positive work and mechanical work ratio were both similar between NSI and CFI conditions. The findings indicate increasing footwear insole bending stiffness may influence foot segment and ankle joint energetic patterns in walking stance phase. And the mechanical energy generation compensatory mechanism may exist between foot segment and ankle joint. Specifically, a decreased foot segment energy generation tended to result in a higher amount of ankle joint positive work and peak power generation. This will be beneficial for maintaining a relatively consistent foot–ankle system overall energy generation and work ratio in response to altered insole stiffness and foot segment work during gait.

Effects of speed on pheasant gaits and hindlimb joint angles

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-306
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Dianlei Han ◽  
Qiaoli Ji ◽  
Guoyu Li ◽  
Xian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Duty Factor ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Intermittent Flight ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Intertarsal Joint

Abstract When studying the gait of pheasants, an intermittent-flight bird, it is necessary to take into account changes in the gaits and hindlimb joint angles resulting from increases of speed. In this study, pheasant locomotion postures were recorded on a speed-variable treadmill with high-speed cameras. Firstly, kinematic analysis showed that the stride cycle of pheasants decreased and the stride length increased with increasing speed. The duty factor also decreased, but was less than 0.5 in only about 10% of measurements. Thus, pheasants are more inclined to choose the grounded running or walking gait in laboratory situations. Secondly, changes in the tarsometatarso-phalangeal joint angle and the intertarsal joint angle at touch-down, mid-stance and lift-off concomitant with speed variation were studied. Tarsometatarso-phalangeal joint angle was found not to be significantly affected by changes in speed, but changed over larger ranges than the intertarsal joint angle. Thirdly, the continuous changes in the joint angles were studied during a complete stride cycle. The curves shifted leftward with increasing speed. Finally, the changes at four main positions were analyzed with increasing speed.

Clinical significance of the ankle joint stiffness during gait in transtibial amputee

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. S39-S40
Author(s):  
Anja Desomer ◽  
Rino Versluys ◽  
Gerlinde Lenaerts ◽  
Peter Vaes ◽  
Bart van Gheluwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Transtibial Amputee

scholarly journals Examining the accuracy of trackways for predicting gait selection and speed of locomotion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Marmol-Guijarro ◽  
Robert Nudds ◽  
Lars Folkow ◽  
Jonathan Codd
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Made In ◽  
Require Information ◽  
Bouncing Gaits

Abstract Background Using Froude numbers (Fr) and relative stride length (stride length: hip height), trackways have been widely used to determine the speed and gait of an animal. This approach, however, is limited by the ability to estimate hip height accurately and by the lack of information related to the substrate properties when the tracks were made, in particular for extinct fauna. By studying the Svalbard ptarmigan moving on snow, we assessed the accuracy of trackway predictions from a species-specific model and two additional Fr based models by ground truthing data extracted from videos as the tracks were being made. Results The species-specific model accounted for more than 60% of the variability in speed for walking and aerial running, but only accounted for 19% when grounded running, likely due to its stabilizing role while moving faster over a changing substrate. The error in speed estimated was 0-35% for all gaits when using the species-specific model, whereas Fr based estimates produced errors up to 55%. The highest errors were associated with the walking gait. The transition between pendular to bouncing gaits fell close to the estimates using relative stride length described for other extant vertebrates. Conversely, the transition from grounded to aerial running appears to be species specific and highly dependent on posture and substrate. Conclusion Altogether, this study highlights that using trackways to derive predictions on the locomotor speed and gait, using stride length as the only predictor, are problematic as accurate predictions require information from the animal in question.

scholarly journals Effect of an EMG–FES Interface on Ankle Joint Training Combined with Real-Time Feedback on Balance and Gait in Patients with Stroke Hemiparesis

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Subeen Bae ◽  
Jin Lee ◽  
Byoung-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Joint Training

This study evaluated the effects of an electromyography–functional electrical stimulation interface (EMG–FES interface) combined with real-time balance and gait feedback on ankle joint training in patients with stroke hemiplegia. Twenty-six stroke patients participated in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned to either the EMG–FES interface combined with real-time feedback on ankle joint training (RFEF) group (n = 13) or the EMG–FES interface on ankle joint training (EF) group (n = 13). Subjects in both groups were trained for 20 min a day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Similarly, all participants underwent a standard rehabilitation physical therapy for 60 min a day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. The RFEF group showed significant increases in weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), Tardieu Scale (TS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, stance per, and swing per (p < 0.05). Likewise, the EF group showed significant increases in WBLT, TUG, BBS, velocity, and cadence (p < 0.05). Moreover, the RFEF group showed significantly greater improvements than the EF group in terms of WBLT, Tardieu Scale, TUG, BBS, velocity, step length, stride length, stance per, and swing per (p < 0.05). Ankle joint training using an EMG–FES interface combined with real-time feedback improved ankle range of motion (ROM), muscle tone, balance, and gait in stroke patients. These results suggest that an EMG–FES interface combined with real-time feedback is feasible and suitable for ankle joint training in individuals with stroke.

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