Effect of cycle time on biodegradation of azo dye in sequencing batch reactor

A new developed sequencing batch process for the purification of residual water containing concentrated azo dye was investigated. Within a treatment cycle the biological anoxic decolorization, followed by an aerobic mineralization of organic metabolites in combination with the biodegradability-achieving partial oxidation with ozone are carried out sequentially. The split flow can be destructively purified to 90% with respect to the parameter DOC. It was decolorized to an extent of 98% and the toxicity measured by the bioluminescence test decreased up to 99%. With an unspecific facultative anaerobic bacterial mixed culture anoxic decolorization of the residual liquor (20 gdye/L) without addition of an external auxiliary substrate was observed. In the first phase of the treatment cycle, the azo dye-molecules are cleft at the azo bond by biochemical reduction which leads to the corresponding sulfonated aromatic amines. In the following aerobic phase the cleft products were mineralized by the same microorganisms in the same reactor. Because of the recalcitrant and respectively toxic character of a part of the remaining metabolites, further aerobic mineralization was initialized by partial oxidation with ozone. The recursive ozonization in a recircled stream with biological post-treatment of the transformed substances led to an increased reaction selectivity and lower consumption of ozone. The results have shown that the chosen sequencing batch reactor with the ozonization bypass is suitable for an effective treatment of high concentrated dyehouse liquors.

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Cold Climate Sequencing Batch Reactor Biological Phosphorus Removal – Results 1991-92

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0244 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 275-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Marklund

Keyword(s):

Cycle Time ◽

Phosphorus Removal ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Small Scale ◽

Aeration Tank ◽

Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽

Biological Phosphorus

The aeration tank in a small scale wastewater treatment plant was converted to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a maximum volume of approx. 27 m3. The main purpose of this study was to examine low temperature biological phosphorus removal (BPR). The wastewater temperature varied during the study between 3 and 8°C, with a water temperature at or below 5°C during 7 months of the year. The SBR unit has been in operation from the end of 1989, the study period discussed here covered July 1991 - December 1992. SBR cycle time was varied between 6 and 12 hours, giving a total daily treatment capacity of between 18 and 36 m3. The influent biological oxygen demand - 7 days (BOD7) levels varied between 88 and 165 mg/l. Corresponding phosphorus levels were between 3.10 and 9.55 mg/l The mean effluent level of phosphorus was 1.57 mg/l and the BOD7 value was 23 mg/l. This gives a mean total phosphorus reduction of 74% and a BOD7 reduction of 81 %. During the study, mean supernatant suspended solids (SS) levels were quite high, at around 36 mg/l. This high SS level contributed a major part of both outlet phosphorus as well as BOD7 value. Effluent soluble values for phosphorus and BOD7 were 0.79 mg/l and 9 mg/l. The supernatant SS component of BOD7 and phosphorus increased at lower temperatures. It was not possible to reduce or balance this increase by increased cycle time or increased settling time within the maximum cycle time available (12 hours). Stable low supernatant phosphorus and BOD7 levels are thus to a large degree controlled by the effluent SS level. A maximum of 20 mg/l supernatant SS is necessary to reach target supernatant values of less than 1 mg/l of phosphorus and 15 mg/l of BOD7.

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Removal of COD and Nitrogen in Wastewater Using Sequencing Batch Reactor with Fibrous Packing

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0152 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 125-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. H. P. Fang ◽

C. L. Y. Yeong ◽

K. M. Book ◽

C. M. Chiu

Keyword(s):

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Retention Time ◽

Cycle Time ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Attached Growth

An 11-litre sequencing batch reactor (SBR) filled with fibrous packing was found to be very effective for the removal of not only Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), but also nitrogen from synthetic wastewaters with 250-1034 mg/l of COD and 22-114 mg/l of nitrogen. As compared to the conventional SBR, mis system had a shorter cycle time by skipping the settling step. In addition, denitrification was efficiently conducted in the interior of the ‘bio-pompons', which were formed by the attached growth of biomass on the fibrous packings, even though the bulk of the reactor was under constant aeration. The system was tested at 12 loading conditions, ranging from 0.56 to 4.51 kg-COD/m3-day and from 0.04 to 0.49 kg-NH3−N/m3-day. On average, 95% of COD was removed within 2 h of aeration, while 57% of total nitrogen was removed after a retention time of 4-8 h.

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Comparison between biological and chemical–physical treatment for colour removal

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2004.0094 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (5-6) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

G. Farabegoli ◽

L. Pietrelli ◽

E. Rolle ◽

A. Sabene

Keyword(s):

Azo Dye ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

Colour Removal ◽

Biological Reduction ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Physical Treatments

The main aim of this research is to compare the efficiency of biological and chemical–physical treatments for the removal of organic azo dyes in the textile wastewater. Regarding the biological reduction of the wastewater colour the anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment provides the best reductions in colour and COD. A lab-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) fed with synthetic wastewater and mono-azo dye (at the initial concentration of 25 mg/l) was used achieving 84% colour reduction and 82% COD removal. Chemical–physical treatments were performed using the oxidative method with Fenton's reagent and adsorption on the activated carbon achieving respectively colour reduction over 90% (from the initial concentration of 250 mg/l) and 155 mg col/g GAC total adsorption capacity (from the initial concentration of 1 g/l).

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Combined biological and chemical treatment of highly concentrated residual dyehouse liquors

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0660 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (4-5) ◽

pp. 339-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R. Krull ◽

M. Hemmi ◽

P. Otto ◽

D. C. Hempel

Keyword(s):

Mixed Culture ◽

Chemical Treatment ◽

Azo Dye ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Reactive Dyes ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Purification Procedure ◽

Biological Degradation ◽

Facultative Anaerobic

The combined biological and chemical treatment of highly concentrated reactive azo dye-containing residual dyehouse liquors with recalcitrant compounds was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The plant consists of a batch reactor in which the anoxic and aerobic phases are carried out by sequenced steps. Water-soluble reactive dyes were reductively cleft and decolorized by a facultative anaerobic bacterial mixed culture under anoxic conditions. Complete decolorization was observed up to concentrations of nearly 20 g dye/L without addition of an external auxiliar substrate. Mineralization of the cleavage products occurs with the same bacterial mixed culture in the same reactor under aerobic conditions. The biomass used for the anoxic treatment is grown in this aerobic phase by the use of split flows with readily biodegradable compounds. Because of the recalcitrant toxic character of some remaining substances, further aerobic mineralization was initiated by partial oxidation with ozone. Partial ozonization in a circulated stream with biological post-treatment of the transformed substances led to an increased reaction selectivity, to a better biological degradation and not least to a lower consumption of ozone. Due to this purification procedure involving highly concentrated residual dyehouse liquors a total decolorization and an overvall degradation of nearly 90% in DOC was achieved.

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Effect of an azo dye on the performance of an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor treating a simulated textile wastewater

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.043 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 327-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Rita D.G. Franca ◽

Anabela Vieira ◽

Ana M.T. Mata ◽

Gilda S. Carvalho ◽

Helena M. Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azo Dye ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Aerobic Granular Sludge

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Investigation of decolorization kinetics and biodegradation of azo dye Acid Red 18 using sequential process of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor/moving bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation ◽

10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.04.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 43-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

E. Hosseini Koupaie ◽

M.R. Alavi Moghaddam ◽

S.H. Hashemi

Keyword(s):

Azo Dye ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Sequential Process ◽

Moving Bed ◽

Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽

Decolorization Kinetics

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WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION AND SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR OPERATION FOR AEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE CULTIVATION

Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.11113/mjce.v31n1.498 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hazlami Fikri Basri ◽

Aznah Nor Anuar ◽

Mohd Hakim Ab Halim

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Cycle Time ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽

Operation Cycle ◽

Influent Wastewater

Studying the possibility of forming aerobic granules on real domestic sewage was a logical step in the scaling-up process and development of Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) technology. It was noted that influent wastewater composition and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) operation cycle time are important factors that can influence the formation of AGS. Therefore, this study aims to determine the suitability of influent wastewater from Bunus Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) for AGS cultivation and then propose a proper SBR operation cycle time. In this study, wastewater characterization was done for the influent of wastewater treatment plant located in Bunus, Kuala Lumpur. The result was then analysed and compared with previous research to determine the suitability of AGS cultivation. The information on SBR from previous studies were also gathered to propose SBR operation cycle time that suit the Bunus WWTP influent. The findings indicate that the wastewater can be characterized as low strength domestic wastewater with low organic and nutrients content. The values of related parameters in this study have shown that influent wastewater of Bunus WWTP is suitable for cultivating AGS. For the proposed SBR operation, the cycle time is 3h, which consist of 60 min (fill), 110 min (aerate), 5 min (settle), and 5 min (discharge), respectively.

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