Interview and questionnaire assessment of cognitive impairment in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with cognitive test performance, psychosocial functioning, and positive symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 113498
Author(s):  
Lasse Randers ◽  
Birgitte Fagerlund ◽  
Jens Richardt M Jepsen ◽  
Dorte Nordholm ◽  
Kristine Krakauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Questionnaire Assessment ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

Disease-modifying treatments and cognition in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (22) ◽  
pp. e2373-e2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils C. Landmeyer ◽  
Paul-Christian Bürkner ◽  
Heinz Wiendl ◽  
Tobias Ruck ◽  
Hans-Peter Hartung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

ObjectiveDisease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are the gold standard for slowing disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), but their effects on cognitive impairment, a key symptom of the disease, are mostly unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the differential effects of DMTs on cognitive test performance in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting longitudinal cognitive performance data related to all major DMTs. The standardized mean difference (Hedges g) between baseline and follow-up cognitive assessment was used as the main effect size measure.ResultsForty-four studies, including 55 distinct MS patient samples, were found eligible for the systematic review. Twenty-five studies were related to platform therapies (mainly β-interferon [n = 17] and glatiramer acetate [n = 4]), whereas 22 studies were related to escalation therapies (mainly natalizumab [n = 14] and fingolimod [n = 6]). Reported data were mostly confined to the cognitive domain processing speed. A meta-analysis including 41 studies and 7,131 patients revealed a small to moderate positive effect on cognitive test performance of DMTs in general (g = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.21–0.33]), but no statistically significant differences between platform (g = 0.27, 95% CI = [0.18–0.35]) and escalation therapies (g = 0.28, 95% CI = [0.19–0.37]) or between any single DMT and β-interferon.ConclusionsDMTs are effective in improving cognitive test performance in RRMS, but a treatment escalation mainly to amend cognition is not supported by the current evidence. Given the multitude of DMTs and their widespread use, the available data regarding differential treatment effects on cognitive impairment are remarkably scant. Clinical drug trials that use more extensive cognitive outcome measures are urgently needed.

Perceived Cognitive Difficulties and Cognitive Test Performance as Predictors of Employment Outcomes in People with Multiple Sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Honan ◽  
Rhonda F. Brown ◽  
Jennifer Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPerceived cognitive difficulties and cognitive impairment are important determinants of employment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, it is not clear how they are related to adverse work outcomes and whether the relationship is influenced by depressive symptoms. Thus, this study examined perceived and actual general cognitive and prospective memory function, and cognitive appraisal accuracy, in relation to adverse work outcomes. The possible mediating and/or moderating role of depression was also examined. A cross-sectional community-based sample of 111 participants (33 males, 78 females) completed the Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire (MSWDQ), Beck Depression Inventory – Fast Screen (BDI-FS), and questions related to their current or past employment. They then underwent cognitive testing using the Screening Examination for Cognitive Impairment, Auditory Consonant Trigrams test, Zoo Map Test, and Cambridge Prospective Memory Test. Perceived general cognitive and prospective memory difficulties in the workplace and performance on the respective cognitive tests were found to predict unemployment and reduced work hours since MS diagnosis due to MS. Depression was also related to reduced work hours, but it did not explain the relationship between perceived cognitive difficulties and the work outcomes. Nor was it related to cognitive test performance. The results highlight a need to address the perceptions of cognitive difficulties together with cognitive impairment and levels of depression in vocational rehabilitation programs in pwMS. (JINS, 2015,21, 156–168)

scholarly journals Fitness to drive in older drivers with cognitive impairment

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
FREDERIEC K. WITHAAR ◽  
WIEBO H. BROUWER ◽  
ADRIAAN H. VAN ZOMEREN
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

This paper is a literature review on assessment of fitness to drive in older drivers with cognitive impairment. Early studies on dementia and driving generally failed to distinguish between safe and unsafe drivers on the basis of cognitive test performance. Predictive studies demonstrated that cognitively impaired persons as a group perform significantly worse than controls on both neuropsychological and driving measures. A high prevalence of cognitive impairment was found in groups of older drivers involved in traffic accidents and crashes. However, a large range in neuropsychological test scores has been found. Low to moderate correlations could be established between neuropsychological test results and on-road driving performance, making it difficult to discriminate between cognitively impaired subjects who are fit or unfit to drive. The review concludes with a discussion of methodological difficulties in the field of dementia and driving, including participant selection, the choice of neuropsychological tests, and the operationalization of driving performance. (JINS, 2000, 6, 480–490.)

scholarly journals Driving with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: Cognitive Test Performance and Proxy Report of Daily Life Function in Older Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1774-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Vaughan ◽  
Patricia E. Hogan ◽  
Stephen R. Rapp ◽  
Elizabeth Dugan ◽  
Richard A. Marottoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Proxy Report ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Life Function

scholarly journals Differential Impact of Cognitive Impairment in MCI Patients: A Case-Based Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Valentina Pergher ◽  
Birgitte Schoenmakers ◽  
Philippe Demaerel ◽  
Jos Tournoy ◽  
Marc M. Van Hulle
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
The Impact

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) traditionally refers to an intermediate stage between healthy individuals and early Alzheimer disease. Evidence shows grey and white matter volume changes and decrease in several executive functions, albeit the relation between cognitive performance and brain volume remains unclear. Here, we discuss 3 individual cases of MCI by investigating their MRI scans and cognitive test performance. We also recruited age-matched healthy older adults serving as gold standard for both grey and white matter volume and cognitive test outcomes. Our results show the impact of cognitive impairment on cognitive test performance and grey and white matter volumes, and the role played by cognitive and brain reserve on mitigating cognitive decline. Furthermore, we add evidence to previous studies by showing an increase in white matter volume compared to healthy controls, in all 3 patients. This pattern of increased white matter volume might help us to better understand the pathological mechanisms underlying MCI which in turn could contribute to future investigations.

Association between Montreal Cognitive Assessment Sub-Item Scores and Corresponding Cognitive Test Performance in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia and Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy K.L. Coleman ◽  
Brenda L. Coleman ◽  
Julia D. MacKinley ◽  
Stephen H. Pasternak ◽  
Elizabeth C. Finger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a brief screening test developed to detect patients with mild cognitive impairment, is used in clinical settings across North America [Nasreddine et al.: J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:695-699]. The MoCA has been demonstrated to be sensitive to cognitive deficits in frontotemporal dementias (FTD) and related disorders [Coleman et al.: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2016;30:258-263]. Given attentional impairments in patients with FTD, whether and to what extent the abbreviated items on the MoCA may predict performance on corresponding assessments is not known. Testing and demographic data were extracted from a clinical database using a sample of 91 patients with FTD and related disorders. The relationship between MoCA items and corresponding neuropsychological tasks was assessed through McNemar tests and Spearman correlations. While some MoCA items such as letter fluency, orientation, and clock drawing were strongly correlated with the corresponding standard cognitive test, the MoCA trails were insensitive to impairment compared to the full Trail Making B Test (p = 0.01). In contrast, MoCA naming and delayed recall sub-items detected cognitive impairment more frequently than available comparison tests. The MoCA is a sensitive screening measure to detect impairment in patients with FTD and related disorders, but cognitive deficits specific to FTD result in differential performance on MoCA items compared to longer standard cognitive tests.

scholarly journals The Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα and Cognitive Outcomes in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M V Wennberg ◽  
Clinton E Hagen ◽  
Mary M Machulda ◽  
David S Knopman ◽  
Ronald C Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Clinic Study

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation has been linked with geriatric-related conditions, including dementia. Inflammatory cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, in the blood have been associated with cognitive impairment and decline. However, evidence has been mixed. Methods We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between baseline-measured IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα levels and the ratio of IL-6/IL-10 with cognitive test performance and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among 1,602 community-dwelling older adults (median age = 72.8) enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Approximately half (46.5%) of participants were female and 98.6% were white. At baseline and follow-up visits (occurring at 15-month intervals), participants completed neuropsychological testing, blood draws, and had a clinical consensus diagnosis. Results In multivariable cross-sectional analyses, we did not observe an association between inflammatory cytokine levels and global or domain-specific cognitive z scores; however, higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels were associated with greater odds of a MCI diagnosis. Longitudinally, we did not observe any association between inflammatory cytokine levels and cognitive test performance or risk of MCI. Sex, age, cognitive status, APOE ε4 genotype, diabetes, depression, and cerebral amyloid-beta deposition were not effect modifiers. Conclusions These results suggest that plasma inflammatory markers may not be useful to ascertain risk for cognitive decline and MCI in the general population.

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