The Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα and Cognitive Outcomes in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation has been linked with geriatric-related conditions, including dementia. Inflammatory cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, in the blood have been associated with cognitive impairment and decline. However, evidence has been mixed. Methods We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between baseline-measured IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα levels and the ratio of IL-6/IL-10 with cognitive test performance and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among 1,602 community-dwelling older adults (median age = 72.8) enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Approximately half (46.5%) of participants were female and 98.6% were white. At baseline and follow-up visits (occurring at 15-month intervals), participants completed neuropsychological testing, blood draws, and had a clinical consensus diagnosis. Results In multivariable cross-sectional analyses, we did not observe an association between inflammatory cytokine levels and global or domain-specific cognitive z scores; however, higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels were associated with greater odds of a MCI diagnosis. Longitudinally, we did not observe any association between inflammatory cytokine levels and cognitive test performance or risk of MCI. Sex, age, cognitive status, APOE ε4 genotype, diabetes, depression, and cerebral amyloid-beta deposition were not effect modifiers. Conclusions These results suggest that plasma inflammatory markers may not be useful to ascertain risk for cognitive decline and MCI in the general population.

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Interview and questionnaire assessment of cognitive impairment in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with cognitive test performance, psychosocial functioning, and positive symptoms

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113498 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 294 ◽

pp. 113498

Author(s):

Lasse Randers ◽

Birgitte Fagerlund ◽

Jens Richardt M Jepsen ◽

Dorte Nordholm ◽

Kristine Krakauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

High Risk ◽

Test Performance ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Questionnaire Assessment ◽

Ultra High Risk ◽

Cognitive Test Performance

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Cognitive performance after postoperative pituitary radiotherapy: a dosimetric study of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0749 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 166 (2) ◽

pp. 171-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Pauline Brummelman ◽

Margriet G A Sattler ◽

Linda C Meiners ◽

Martin F Elderson ◽

Robin P F Dullaart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Test Performance ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Field Technique ◽

Group A ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Cognitive Test Performance

ObjectiveThe hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are important for memory and executive functioning and are known to be sensitive to radiotherapy (RT). Radiation dosimetry relates radiation exposure to specific brain areas. The effects of various pituitary RT techniques were studied by relating detailed dosimetry of the hippocampus and PFC to cognitive performance.MethodsIn this cross-sectional design, 75 non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFA) patients (61±10 years) participated and were divided into irradiated (RT+, n=30) and non-irradiated (RT−, n=45) groups. The RT+ group (who all received 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy; total dose: 45 Gy) consisted of three RT technique groups: three-field technique, n=10; four-field technique, n=15; and five-field technique, n=5. Memory and executive functioning were assessed by standardized neuropsychological tests. A reconstruction of the dose distributions for the three RT techniques was made. The RT doses on 30, 50, and 70% of the volume of the left and right hippocampus and PFC were calculated.ResultsCognitive test performance was not different between the four groups, despite differences in radiation doses applied to the hippocampi and PFC. Age at RT, time since RT, and the use of thyroid hormone varied significantly between the groups; however, they were not related to cognitive performance.ConclusionThis study showed that there were no significant differences on cognitive performance between the three-, four-, and five-field RT groups and the non-irradiated patient group. A dose–response relationship could not be established, even with a radiation dose that was higher on most of the volume of the hippocampus and PFC in case of a four-field RT technique compared with the three- and five-field RT techniques.

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Mild cognitive impairment: historical development and summary of research

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2004.6.4/jgolomb ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 351-367

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Test Performance ◽

Historical Development ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

The Elderly ◽

Global Scale ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Cross Sectional

This review article broadly traces the historical development, diagnostic criteria, clinical and neuropathological characteristics, and treatment strategies related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), The concept of MCI is considered in the context of other terms that have been developed to characterize the elderly with varying degrees of cognitive impairment Criteria based on clinical global scale ratings, cognitive test performance, and performance on other domains of functioning are discussed. Approaches employing clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, biological, and molecular genetic methodology used in the validation of MCI are considered, including results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and postmortem investigations. Results of recent drug treatment studies of MCI and related methodological issues are also addressed.

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Disease-modifying treatments and cognition in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000009522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 (22) ◽

pp. e2373-e2383 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nils C. Landmeyer ◽

Paul-Christian Bürkner ◽

Heinz Wiendl ◽

Tobias Ruck ◽

Hans-Peter Hartung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Test Performance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Disease Modifying ◽

Cognitive Test Performance

ObjectiveDisease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are the gold standard for slowing disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), but their effects on cognitive impairment, a key symptom of the disease, are mostly unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the differential effects of DMTs on cognitive test performance in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting longitudinal cognitive performance data related to all major DMTs. The standardized mean difference (Hedges g) between baseline and follow-up cognitive assessment was used as the main effect size measure.ResultsForty-four studies, including 55 distinct MS patient samples, were found eligible for the systematic review. Twenty-five studies were related to platform therapies (mainly β-interferon [n = 17] and glatiramer acetate [n = 4]), whereas 22 studies were related to escalation therapies (mainly natalizumab [n = 14] and fingolimod [n = 6]). Reported data were mostly confined to the cognitive domain processing speed. A meta-analysis including 41 studies and 7,131 patients revealed a small to moderate positive effect on cognitive test performance of DMTs in general (g = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.21–0.33]), but no statistically significant differences between platform (g = 0.27, 95% CI = [0.18–0.35]) and escalation therapies (g = 0.28, 95% CI = [0.19–0.37]) or between any single DMT and β-interferon.ConclusionsDMTs are effective in improving cognitive test performance in RRMS, but a treatment escalation mainly to amend cognition is not supported by the current evidence. Given the multitude of DMTs and their widespread use, the available data regarding differential treatment effects on cognitive impairment are remarkably scant. Clinical drug trials that use more extensive cognitive outcome measures are urgently needed.

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P.843 An exploration of practice effects on cognitive test performance in a clinical trial of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.706 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. S561

Author(s):

P. Kalinowski ◽

A. Schembri ◽

J. Jaeger ◽

P. Maruff ◽

C. Edgar

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Test Performance ◽

Practice Effects ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Cognitive Test Performance

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Perceived Cognitive Difficulties and Cognitive Test Performance as Predictors of Employment Outcomes in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715000053 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 156-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Cynthia A. Honan ◽

Rhonda F. Brown ◽

Jennifer Batchelor

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Test Performance ◽

Work Hours ◽

Work Outcomes ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Cognitive Difficulties ◽

Cognitive Test Performance ◽

The Relationship

AbstractPerceived cognitive difficulties and cognitive impairment are important determinants of employment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, it is not clear how they are related to adverse work outcomes and whether the relationship is influenced by depressive symptoms. Thus, this study examined perceived and actual general cognitive and prospective memory function, and cognitive appraisal accuracy, in relation to adverse work outcomes. The possible mediating and/or moderating role of depression was also examined. A cross-sectional community-based sample of 111 participants (33 males, 78 females) completed the Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire (MSWDQ), Beck Depression Inventory – Fast Screen (BDI-FS), and questions related to their current or past employment. They then underwent cognitive testing using the Screening Examination for Cognitive Impairment, Auditory Consonant Trigrams test, Zoo Map Test, and Cambridge Prospective Memory Test. Perceived general cognitive and prospective memory difficulties in the workplace and performance on the respective cognitive tests were found to predict unemployment and reduced work hours since MS diagnosis due to MS. Depression was also related to reduced work hours, but it did not explain the relationship between perceived cognitive difficulties and the work outcomes. Nor was it related to cognitive test performance. The results highlight a need to address the perceptions of cognitive difficulties together with cognitive impairment and levels of depression in vocational rehabilitation programs in pwMS. (JINS, 2015,21, 156–168)

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Subjective cognitive complaints in patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder: a cross sectional study

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00576-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Nelson ◽

Hanna Malmberg Gavelin ◽

Carl-Johan Boraxbekk ◽

Therese Eskilsson ◽

Maria Josefsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Cognitive Complaints ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Cognitive Test Performance ◽

Exhaustion Disorder ◽

Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Abstract Background Stress-related exhaustion is associated with cognitive impairment as measured by both subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and objective cognitive test performance. This study aimed to examine how patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder differ from healthy control participants in regard to levels and type of SCCs, and if SCCs are associated with cognitive test performance and psychological distress. Methods We compared a group of patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder (n = 103, female = 88) with matched healthy controls (n = 58, female = 47) cross-sectionally, concerning the type and magnitude of self-reported SCCs. We furthermore explored the association between SCCs and cognitive test performance as well as with self-reported depression, anxiety and burnout levels, in the patient and the control group, respectively. Results Patients reported considerably more cognitive failures and were more likely than controls to express memory failures in situations providing few external cues and reminders in the environment. In both groups, SCCs were associated with demographic and psychological factors, and not with cognitive test performance. Conclusion Our findings underline the high burden of cognitive problems experienced by patients with exhaustion disorder, particularly in executively demanding tasks without external cognitive support. From a clinical perspective, SCCs and objective cognitive test performance may measure different aspects of cognitive functioning, and external cognitive aids could be of value in stress rehabilitation. Trial registration Participants were recruited as part of the Rehabilitation for Improved Cognition (RECO) study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03073772). Date of registration: 8 March 2017

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Fitness to drive in older drivers with cognitive impairment

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617700644065 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 480-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

FREDERIEC K. WITHAAR ◽

WIEBO H. BROUWER ◽

ADRIAAN H. VAN ZOMEREN

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Test Performance ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Older Drivers ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Cognitively Impaired ◽

Fitness To Drive ◽

Cognitive Test Performance

This paper is a literature review on assessment of fitness to drive in older drivers with cognitive impairment. Early studies on dementia and driving generally failed to distinguish between safe and unsafe drivers on the basis of cognitive test performance. Predictive studies demonstrated that cognitively impaired persons as a group perform significantly worse than controls on both neuropsychological and driving measures. A high prevalence of cognitive impairment was found in groups of older drivers involved in traffic accidents and crashes. However, a large range in neuropsychological test scores has been found. Low to moderate correlations could be established between neuropsychological test results and on-road driving performance, making it difficult to discriminate between cognitively impaired subjects who are fit or unfit to drive. The review concludes with a discussion of methodological difficulties in the field of dementia and driving, including participant selection, the choice of neuropsychological tests, and the operationalization of driving performance. (JINS, 2000, 6, 480–490.)

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