Declarative memory affects procedural memory: The role of semantic association and sequence matching

Mental Representation

How the Brain Makes Decisions ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198824367.003.0012 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 84-88

Author(s):

Thomas Boraud

Keyword(s):

Spatial Learning ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Cognitive Maps ◽

Procedural Memory ◽

Cognitive Map ◽

The Other ◽

Spatial Relationships ◽

American Psychologist

This chapter focuses on the neural substrate of mental representation and cognitive maps. In 1948, American psychologist Edward Chance Tolman postulated that spatial learning requires a representation of the environment in which a subject evolves. This concept has been popularized under the term ‘cognitive map’. These maps would retain information about the spatial relationships between different places, which supposes the existence of a coordinate system, or referential. The chapter then considers the role of the hippocampus in memory processes. According to psychologists, there are two types of memory: declarative and procedural. Procedural memory describes the ability to reproduce learned behaviour. On the other hand, declarative memory is based on very different processes. Whatever form it takes, it undoubtedly requires the construction of a mental representation. This mental representation is likened to the cognitive maps theorized by Tolman.

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The Effects of Self-Guided Meditation and Napping on Memory Consolidation in Humans

10.31237/osf.io/8t9uq ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Dastgheib

Keyword(s):

Memory Consolidation ◽

Mindfulness Meditation ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Motor Task ◽

Procedural Memory ◽

Time Interval ◽

Sleep Inertia ◽

Continuous Eeg ◽

Continuous Eeg Monitoring

Master's thesisNumerous studies have reported that, compared to an equivalent period of wakefulness,post-training sleep (overnight or daytime naps) benefits memory consolidation (Diekelmann & Born, 2010; Mednick, Nakayama, & Stickgold, 2003; Plihal & Born, 1999; Walker et al.,2003). However, most investigations have employed various forms of “active wakefulness” (e.g., sensorimotor and cognitive tasks) as a comparison condition for sleep, while few studies have examined the role of “quiet wakefulness” in memory consolidation, even though some of the EEG oscillations during quiet waking resemble those present in sleep (e.g., increased activity in the theta-alpha range) (Brokaw et al., 2016). This study aimed to examine the consolidation of declarative (word-pair associates) andnon-declarative (marble maze visuo-motor task) learning over a 60-minutes time interval (with continuous EEG monitoring) filled with either (A) napping; (B) active-waking (watchinga video); or (C) quiet-waking (self-guided meditation).The results of the current study suggested that memory consolidation may not be a sleepspecific-phenomenon. In fact, mindfulness meditation appeared to be more advantageous than a short nap for the consolidation of declarative memories. This study also found that SWSexerts significant effects on the retention of non-declarative memory. For nappers, the absence of SWS resulted in noticeable performance enhancements compared to participants who entered SWS. Thus, it is possible that SWS plays a disadvantageous role in the consolidationof procedural memory. It is thought that sleep inertia caused by SWS is partly responsible for the impairments in tasks procedural memory. The findings of current study contribute to the understanding of memory consolidation and provide insights about the role of waking states for future studies.

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Working, Declarative, and Procedural Memory in Children With Developmental Language Disorder

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 4162-4178

Author(s):

Emily Jackson ◽

Suze Leitão ◽

Mary Claessen ◽

Mark Boyes

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Language Disorder ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Memory Systems ◽

Procedural Memory ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Visual Spatial

Purpose Previous research into the working, declarative, and procedural memory systems in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) has yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of this research was to profile these memory systems in children with DLD and their typically developing peers. Method One hundred four 5- to 8-year-old children participated in the study. Fifty had DLD, and 54 were typically developing. Aspects of the working memory system (verbal short-term memory, verbal working memory, and visual–spatial short-term memory) were assessed using a nonword repetition test and subtests from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children. Verbal and visual–spatial declarative memory were measured using the Children's Memory Scale, and an audiovisual serial reaction time task was used to evaluate procedural memory. Results The children with DLD demonstrated significant impairments in verbal short-term and working memory, visual–spatial short-term memory, verbal declarative memory, and procedural memory. However, verbal declarative memory and procedural memory were no longer impaired after controlling for working memory and nonverbal IQ. Declarative memory for visual–spatial information was unimpaired. Conclusions These findings indicate that children with DLD have deficits in the working memory system. While verbal declarative memory and procedural memory also appear to be impaired, these deficits could largely be accounted for by working memory skills. The results have implications for our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying language impairment in the DLD population; however, further investigation of the relationships between the memory systems is required using tasks that measure learning over long-term intervals. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13250180

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THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF PROCEDURAL MEMORY ASSESSMENTS USED IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION RESEARCH

Studies in Second Language Acquisition ◽

10.1017/s0272263121000127 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Joshua Buffington ◽

Alexander P. Demos ◽

Kara Morgan-Short

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Reaction Time Task ◽

Serial Reaction Time Task ◽

Procedural Memory ◽

Learning Ability ◽

L2 Acquisition ◽

Serial Reaction

Abstract Evidence for the role of procedural memory in second language (L2) acquisition has emerged in our field. However, little is known about the reliability and validity of the procedural memory measures used in this research. The present study (N = 119) examined the reliability and the convergent and discriminant validity of three assessments that have previously been used to examine procedural memory learning ability in L2 acquisition, the dual-task Weather Prediction Task (DT-WPT), the Alternating Serial Reaction Time Task (ASRT), and the Tower of London (TOL). Measures of declarative memory learning ability were also collected. For reliability, the DT-WPT and TOL tasks met acceptable standards. For validity, an exploratory factor analysis did not provide evidence for convergent validity, but the ASRT and the TOL showed reasonable discriminant validity with declarative memory measures. We argue that the ASRT may provide the purest engagement of procedural memory learning ability, although more reliable dependent measures for this task should be considered. The Serial Reaction Time task also appears promising, although we recommend further consideration of this task as the present analyses were post hoc and based on a smaller sample. We discuss these results regarding the assessment of procedural memory learning ability as well as implications for implicit language aptitude.

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Investigating the Effects of Seizures on Procedural Memory Performance in Patients with Epilepsy

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11020261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Frank J. van Schalkwijk ◽

Walter R. Gruber ◽

Laurie A. Miller ◽

Eugen Trinka ◽

Yvonne Höller

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Total Sample ◽

Learning Task ◽

Procedural Memory ◽

Memory Retention ◽

Motor Sequence ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Patients With Epilepsy

Memory complaints are frequently reported by patients with epilepsy and are associated with seizure occurrence. Yet, the direct effects of seizures on memory retention are difficult to assess given their unpredictability. Furthermore, previous investigations have predominantly assessed declarative memory. This study evaluated within-subject effects of seizure occurrence on retention and consolidation of a procedural motor sequence learning task in patients with epilepsy undergoing continuous monitoring for five consecutive days. Of the total sample of patients considered for analyses (N = 53, Mage = 32.92 ± 13.80 y, range = 18–66 y; 43% male), 15 patients experienced seizures and were used for within-patient analyses. Within-patient contrasts showed general improvements over seizure-free (day + night) and seizure-affected retention periods. Yet, exploratory within-subject contrasts for patients diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 10) showed that only seizure-free retention periods resulted in significant improvements, as no performance changes were observed following seizure-affected retention. These results indicate general performance improvements and offline consolidation of procedural memory during the day and night. Furthermore, these results suggest the relevance of healthy temporal lobe functioning for successful consolidation of procedural information, as well as the importance of seizure control for effective retention and consolidation of procedural memory.

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The role of daytime napping in declarative memory performance: a systematic review

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.019 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Negin Farhadian ◽

Habibolah Khazaie ◽

Mohammad Nami ◽

Sepideh Khazaie

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Memory Performance

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Direct brain recordings reveal prefrontal cortex dynamics of memory development

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aat3702 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. eaat3702 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. L. Johnson ◽

L. Tang ◽

Q. Yin ◽

E. Asano ◽

N. Ofen

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Recognition Memory ◽

Scene Perception ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Memory Formation ◽

Developing Brain ◽

Memory Development ◽

Temporal Precision ◽

Frontal Activity

Prevailing theories link prefrontal cortex (PFC) maturation to the development of declarative memory. However, the precise spatiotemporal correlates of memory formation in the developing brain are not known. We provide rare intracranial evidence that the spatiotemporal propagation of frontal activity supports memory formation in children. Seventeen subjects (6.2 to 19.4 years) studied visual scenes in preparation for a recognition memory test while undergoing direct cortical monitoring. Earlier PFC activity predicted greater accuracy, and subsecond deviations in activity flow between subregions predicted memory formation. Activity flow between inferior and precentral sites was refined during adolescence, partially explaining gains in memory. In contrast, middle frontal activity predicted memory independent of age. These findings show with subsecond temporal precision that the developing PFC links scene perception and memory formation and underscore the role of the PFC in supporting memory development.

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Memory in Linguistic Narrative vs. Postmodern Multitasked Multimedia Art Memory

Communication Society and Media ◽

10.22158/csm.v1n2p101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Vesna Srnic ◽

Emina Berbic Kolar ◽

Igor Ilic

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Social Role ◽

Procedural Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

The Social ◽

Multimedia Art ◽

The Media

In addition to the well-known classification of long-term and short-term memory, we are also interested in distinguishing episodic, semantic and procedural memory in the areas of linguistic narrative and multimedial semantic deconstruction in postmodernism. We compare the liveliness of memorization in literary tradition and literature art with postmodernist divisions and reverberations of traditional memorizations through human multitasking and performative multimedia art, as well as formulate the existence of creative, intuitive and superhuman paradigms.Since the memory can be physical, psychological or spiritual, according to neurobiologist Dr. J. Bauer (Das Gedächtnis des Körpers, 2004), the greatest importance for memorizing has the social role of collaboration, and consequently the personal transformation and remodelling of genomic architecture, yet the media theorist Mark Hansen thinks technology brings different solutions of framing function (Hansen, 2000). We believe that postmodern deconstruction does not necessarily damage memory, especially in the field of human multitasking that utilizes multimedia performative art by means of anthropologization of technology, thereby enhancing artistic and affective pre&post-linguistic experience while unifying technology and humans through intuitive empathy in society.

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