scholarly journals Basal and reactivity levels of cortisol in one-month-old infants born to overweight or obese mothers from an ethnically and racially diverse, low-income community sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Jones-Mason ◽  
Michael Coccia ◽  
Stephanie Grover ◽  
Elissa S. Epel ◽  
Nicole R. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Racially Diverse

scholarly journals Diabetes and Co-morbid Depression Among Racially Diverse, Low-Income Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Y. Osborn ◽  
Kushal A. Patel ◽  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
Hollister W. Trott ◽  
Maciej S. Buchowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Racially Diverse

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk in Women in the First Year Postpartum: Allostatic Load as a Function of Race, Ethnicity, and Poverty Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine U. Shalowitz ◽  
Christine Dunkel Schetter ◽  
Marianne M. Hillemeier ◽  
Vernon M. Chinchilli ◽  
Emma K. Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Child Health ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
White Women ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
First Year

Objective Allostatic load (AL) represents multisystem physiological “wear-and-tear” reflecting emerging chronic disease risk. We assessed AL during the first year postpartum in a diverse community sample with known health disparities. Study Design The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Community Child Health Network enrolled 2,448 predominantly low-income African-American, Latina, and White women immediately after delivery of liveborn infants at ≥20 weeks' gestation, following them over time with interviews, clinical measures, and biomarkers. AL at 6 and 12 months postpartum was measured by body mass index, waist:hip ratio, blood pressure, pulse, hemoglobin A1c, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein, and diurnal cortisol slope. Results Adverse AL health-risk profiles were significantly more prevalent among African-American women compared with non-Hispanic Whites, with Latinas intermediate. Breastfeeding was protective, particularly for White women. Complications of pregnancy were associated with higher AL, and disparities persisted or worsened through the first year postpartum. Conclusion Adverse AL profiles occurred in a substantial proportion of postpartum women, and disparities did not improve from birth to 1 year. Breastfeeding was protective for the mother.

scholarly journals Neighborhood built environment impacts park use of diverse, low-income mothers and their children

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Lauren Mullenbach ◽  
Lincoln Larson ◽  
Myron Floyd ◽  
Oriol Marquet ◽  
Jing-Huei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Park Use ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Income Mothers ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment

Built environment features, including parks, often exacerbate health disparities. We examined built environment perceptions and park use among a population at high risk for physical health outcomes: racially diverse, low-income mothers across the United States. Perceived safety from crime and living near a park were associated with more frequent park use for mothers and their children, and neighborhood walkability was linked to longer park visits. However, only 40% of mothers lived within a ten-minute walk from a park, and perceptions of walkability and safety from crime were low. To enhance physical activity and health of low-income mothers and their children, investments are needed to close disparities in park access and improve neighborhood safety.

A051 ACCESS TO FOOD ALLERGY SUPPORT AND RESOURCES IN A RACIALLY DIVERSE, LOW-INCOME COMMUNITY IS LACKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. S9
Author(s):  
A. Roach ◽  
C. Warren ◽  
J. Yost ◽  
M. Malloy ◽  
J. Asante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Access To Food

A New Factor Solution for the Domestic Violence–Related Financial Issues Scale (DV-FI)

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986088
Author(s):  
Carolyn Copps Hartley ◽  
Lynette M. Renner ◽  
Caitlin Ward
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
Financial Issues

Economic abuse is a distinct form of intimate partner violence (IPV); yet, few measures of economic or financial factors exist. Weaver, Sanders, Campbell, and Schnabel’s Domestic Violence–Related Financial Issues Scale (DV-FI) was developed to assess the role of financial-related issues in an individual’s experiences of IPV as well as perceptions of financial self-efficacy and the future role that financial issues will play in one’s sense of financial security. Despite its relevance to research focused on IPV, only portions of the DV-FI have been used in a handful of studies. The original factor analysis of the DV-FI identified five subscales within a shelter-based sample of impoverished, predominantly African American women. The DV-FI demonstrated good psychometric properties at the time of development; yet, to our knowledge, the factor structure of this measure has not been evaluated with another sample. Given the importance of identifying economic abuse and financial self-efficacy among women who experience IPV, it is essential to have a reliable and valid measure of these constructs. In this article, we describe the results of a confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of the DV-FI using a community sample of 150 predominantly White, low-income women seeking civil legal services. We identified a four-factor solution of the DV-FI. Our findings provide support for the Financial Self-Efficacy subscale as a domain-specific measure of financial self-efficacy among women who experience IPV, but further validation is needed to explain the divergent findings for the remaining factors.

scholarly journals Clarifying the Link Between Amygdala Functioning During Emotion Processing and Antisocial Behaviors Versus Callous-Unemotional Traits Within a Population-Based Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-935
Author(s):  
Hailey L. Dotterer ◽  
Rebecca Waller ◽  
Tyler C. Hein ◽  
Alicia Pardon ◽  
Colter Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Amygdala Reactivity

Prominent theories suggest that disruptions in amygdala reactivity and connectivity when processing emotional cues are key to the etiology of youth antisocial behavior (AB) and that these associations may be dependent on co-occurring levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. We examined the associations among AB, CU traits, and amygdala reactivity and functional connectivity while viewing emotional faces (fearful, angry, sad, happy) in 165 adolescents (46% male; 73.3% African American) from a representative, predominantly low-income community sample. AB was associated with increased amygdala activation in response to all emotions and was associated with greater amygdala reactivity to emotion only at low levels of CU traits. AB and CU traits were also associated with distinct patterns of amygdala connectivity. These findings demonstrate that AB-related deficits in amygdala functioning may extend across all emotions and highlight the need for further research on amygdala connectivity during emotion processing in relation to AB and CU traits within community populations.

Maternal sensitivity buffers the adrenocortical implications of intimate partner violence exposure during early childhood

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah C. Hibel ◽  
Douglas A. Granger ◽  
Clancy Blair ◽  
Martha J. Cox ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity

AbstractThis study prospectively examined the effect of intimate partner violence (IPV) on adrenocortical reactivity and recovery during early childhood. The sample (n = 1102 mother–infant dyads; 49.2% male) was racially diverse and from predominantly low-income, rural communities. To measure IPV exposure mothers completed the Conflicts Tactics Scale, and her caretaking behaviors were observed when her child was approximately 7, 15, and 24 months of age. Children's saliva samples, later assayed for cortisol, were collected around challenge tasks designed to elicit emotional reactivity. IPV was related to a trajectory of increased cortisol reactivity from infancy to toddlerhood. By contrast, the trajectory for non-IPV-exposed children decreased in cortisol reactivity across 7 to 24 months of age. At the 24-month assessment, on average, toddlers did not exhibit a cortisol reaction; however, those exposed to high levels of violence continued to have reactivity. Accumulative levels of IPV across the first 2 years of life predicted cortisol reactivity at 24 months of age. Early (7-month) sensitive maternal behavior moderated this relationship, so that only children exposed to both early insensitivity and high accumulated IPV exhibited increased reactivity at the 24-month assessment. Findings are discussed in relation to the risky family framework.

Improving Self-Control Through Financial Counseling: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Tumataroa ◽  
David O'Hare
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
Financial Counseling ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

The efficacy of family budgeting programs is often measured purely in terms of financial outcomes. There has been less research on its potential impacts on cognitive outcomes. The present study investigated whether an existing financial counseling intervention could help people improve their deliberative cognitive capacity. A community sample of participants in Auckland, New Zealand who identified that they wanted to better manage their money were randomly assigned to a month-long financial counseling intervention or a wait-list control group. Results showed that participants exposed to the intervention had a greater improvement in self-control than participants in the control group, and that self-control improved more for people with a low income than a high income. Financial counseling interventions may impart broader cognitive benefits that help people escape further financial hardship.

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