Maternal distress and hair cortisol in pregnancy among women with elevated adverse childhood experiences

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact ◽

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use in pregnancy is reduced among women with higher socioeconomic status (SES), this assumption is not well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use in a community-based sample of pregnant women with middle to high SES. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1,660 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008-2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34-36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results: Overall, 3.1% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2-3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0-1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions: Maternal ACEs were common and associated with a moderate increase in the odds of illicit drug use in pregnancy among Canadian women with middle to high SES.

Adverse Childhood Experiences are Associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: Findings from the All Our Families Cohort

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33576/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cheryl L. Currie ◽

Suzanne C Tough

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact ◽

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use is reduced among pregnant women who are well educated and have higher socioeconomic status, this assumption has not been well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use among pregnant women who are well-educated women, have middle to high household incomes, and seeking regular prenatal care. Findings can inform clinicians about potential associations between ACEs and drug use in pregnancy within a population that they are frequently in contact with. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1,680 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008-2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34-36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results: Overall, 3.3% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample (mean age 31 years) reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2-3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0-1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions: Findings combine with others to speak to the public health significance of maternal ACEs on substance use among expectant mothers across the socioeconomic spectrum; particularly child abuse. This information, can be used by women and the clinicians serving them, to better understand the role that ACEs could play in their decision to use illicit drugs in pregnancy.

The long-term association of adverse childhood experiences with C-reactive protein and hair cortisol: Cumulative risk versus dimensions of adversity

Brain Behavior and Immunity ◽

10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 318-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eleonora Iob ◽

Rebecca Lacey ◽

Andrew Steptoe

Keyword(s):

Cumulative Risk ◽

Hair Cortisol ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Adverse Childhood

Pathways from Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences to Substance Use in Pregnancy: Findings from the All Our Families Cohort

Journal of Women s Health ◽

10.1089/jwh.2020.8632 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole Racine ◽

Sheila McDonald ◽

Kathleen Chaput ◽

Suzanne Tough ◽

Sheri Madigan

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Adverse childhood experiences are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: findings from the All Our Families Cohort

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03591-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cheryl L. Currie ◽

Suzanne C. Tough

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact ◽

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use in pregnancy is reduced among women with higher socioeconomic status (SES), this assumption is not well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use in a community-based sample of pregnant women with middle to high SES. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1660 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008 and 2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34–36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results Overall, 3.1% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2–3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0–1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions Maternal ACEs were common and associated with a moderate increase in the odds of illicit drug use in pregnancy among Canadian women with middle to high SES.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Changing Levels of Psychosocial Distress Scores across Pregnancy in Kenyan Women

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pauline Samia ◽

Shahirose Premji ◽

Farideh Tavangar ◽

Ilona S. Yim ◽

Sikolia Wanyonyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Household Dysfunction ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with deleterious effects on mental health in pregnancy. Methods: The ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used to measure neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction. Longitudinal mixed effect modelling was used to test the effect of ACEs on pregnancy-related anxiety, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress at two time points (12–19 and 22–29 weeks) during pregnancy. Results: A total of 215 women who were predominantly married (81%) and had attained tertiary education (96%) were enrolled. Total ACEs were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.23, p < 0.05) and perceived stress (r = 0.18, p < 0.05). As depressive symptoms decreased, t (167) = −8.44, p < 0.001, perceived stress increased, t (167) = 4.60, p < 0.001, and pregnancy-related anxiety remained unchanged as pregnancy progressed. Contact sexual abuse (p < 0.01) and parental death or divorce (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with depression over time (p < 0.01). Total ACEs in this study were associated with depressive symptoms early but not late in pregnancy. Conclusions: Higher total ACEs were positively associated with depressive symptoms and perceived stress during pregnancy, suggesting that mental disorders may have an impact on pregnancy outcomes and ought to be addressed. Further validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) tool in local settings is required.