The differential impact of family characteristics on the academic achievement of black and white youth

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique R. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
White Youth ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Black And White

The Contribution of Static and Dynamic Factors to Recidivism Prediction for Black and White Youth Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110226
Author(s):  
William T. Miller ◽  
Christina A. Campbell ◽  
Jordan Papp ◽  
Ebony Ruhland
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
White Youth ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Recidivism Prediction ◽  
The Individual

Scholars have presented concerns about potential for racial bias in risk assessments as a result of the inclusion of static factors, such as criminal history in risk assessments. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which static factors add incremental validity to the dynamic factors in criminogenic risk assessments. This study examined the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) in a sample of 1,270 youth offenders from a medium-sized Midwestern county between June 2004 and November 2013. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI and the individual contribution of static and dynamic domains of the assessment. Results indicated that the static domain differentially predicted recidivism for Black and White youth. In particular, the static domain was a significant predictor of recidivism for White youth, but this was not the case for Black youth. The dynamic domain significantly predicted recidivism for both Black and White offenders, and static risk factors improved prediction of recidivism for White youth, but not for Black youth.

Influences of parents' education on their children's educational attainments: the role of parent and child perceptions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelynne S Eccles
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Residence Location ◽  
Parents Education

This paper is based on a talk given at the conference of the Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning, September 2004. There is consistent evidence that parents' education predicts children's educational outcomes, alongside other distal family characteristics such as family income, parents' occupations and residence location. A variety of explanations have been offered for these associations. In this paper, we review the most prominent explanations, present a comprehensive model of the influences of parents' education and then summarize some of the research we have done that focuses on the role of parental influences on children's academic achievement.

Self-Evaluation, Social Reinforcement, and Academic Achievement of Black and White Schoolchildren

1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin Katz ◽  
O. Jackson Cole ◽  
Reuben M. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Social Reinforcement ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Self Evaluation

Race, Ethnicity, Risky Lifestyles, and Violent Victimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arelys Madero-Hernandez ◽  
Bonnie S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
White Youth ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Victimization Risk ◽  
Risky Lifestyles ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Criminal Opportunity

Empirical studies have established that Blacks and Hispanics are two of the most violently victimized racial/ethnic groups in the United States, but the mechanisms that underlie these disparities in victimization risk are not well understood. This study tests a mediation model developed from criminal opportunity theories that may explain the disparities. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the results show that Black and Hispanic adolescents were twice as likely as their White counterparts to be violently victimized, and these disparities remained after controlling for demographic characteristics and prior victimization. As to the hypothesized sources of these disparities, there was mixed evidence regarding the mediation model. Although risky lifestyles were significantly related to violent victimization and eliminated all disparities between Black and White youth, they failed to eliminate victimization disparities between Hispanics and White youth. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of theory and victimization prevention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document