People’s Behavior of North Indralaya of Ogan Ilir Against Wetland Fires

Konversi lahan dari fungsi aslinya mengakibatkan dampak negatif berupa kebakaran akibat aktivitas penebangan untuk membuka lahan yang dilakukan manusia. Salah satu lokasi kebakaran lahan basah di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan terjadi pada area seluas 3,925 ha di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir di tahun 2018. Kelalaian manusia yang seringkali melakukan pembukaan lahan dengan cara membakar menyebabkan kebakaran lahan basah. Kurangnya pengetahuan, informasi dan sanksi juga menjadi alasan masyarakat tidak perduli terhadap dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kegiatan membakar lahan. Dalam theory of planned behavior, perilaku tersusun dari keyakinan dan evaluasi seseorang untuk menumbuhkan sikap, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku sebagai mediator terbentuknya niat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, yaitu mengkaji dan menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap kejadian kebakaran di lahan basah Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan. Informan penelitian berjumlah 16 orang yang terdiri dari 12 informan kunci dan 4 informan ahli. Informan kunci dipilih berdasarkan kriteria kepemilikan tanah, lokasi tempat tinggal dan mata pencaharian utama yang berdomisi di Desa Palem Raya dan Kelurahan Timbangan, Kecamatan Indralaya Utara. Empat orang informan ahli ialah Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD), Camat Indralaya Utara, dan dua orang kepala desa/lurah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap terhadap perilaku, norma subjektif, dan persepsi kontrol mendorong terbentuknya niat masyarakat Kecamatan Indralaya Utara untuk tidak melakukan pembakaran lahan. Sejak 2019, masyarakat tidak lagi membuka lahan dengan cara dibakar karena sudah ada peraturan pemerintah yang tegas sehingga dapat mengendalikan perilaku masyarakat dalam membakar lahan.ABSTRACT Land conversion from its original function resulted in negative impacts in the form of fires due to logging activities to clear land by humans. One of wetland fires located in South Sumatera Province is happened to 3,925 ha area on Ogan Ilir District in 2018. Human negligence which often clears land by burning caused of wetland fires. Lack of knowledge, information and sanctions are also reasons why people don't care about the impact of land burning activities. The theory of planned behavior states that behavior is composed of individual belief and evaluation to foster attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control as mediators of intention. The research design used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach, which is to examine and analyze public perceptions of the occurrence of fires in the Ogan Ilir wetlands of South Sumatera. The research informants are 16 persons consisted 12 key informants and 4 expert informants. Key informants are choosen by land ownership, the main livelihood, and residence location which all come from Palem Raya and Timbangan Village. Four expert informants are the representative of Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), Subdistrict Head of North Indralaya, and two Village Head. The results showed that attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control encourage community’s intention in North Indralaya for not doing land fire anymore. Since 2019, community did not open the land by burning because of the strict regulation by government so that can control behavior related land fire.

Inter- and Intra-Individual Variability of Personal Health Risk of Combined Particle and Gaseous Pollutants across Selected Urban Microenvironments

Exposure surrogates, such as air quality measured at a fixed-site monitor (FSM) or residence, are typically used for health estimates. However, people spend various amounts of time in different microenvironments, including the home, office, outdoors and in transit, where they are exposed to different magnitudes of particle and gaseous air pollutants. Health risks caused by air pollution exposure differ among individuals due to differences in activity, microenvironmental concentration, as well as the toxicity of pollutants. We evaluated individual and combined added health risks (AR) of exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 for 21 participants in their daily life based on real-world personal exposure measurements. Exposure errors from using surrogates were quantified. Inter- and intra-individual variability in health risks and key contributors in variations were investigated using linear mixed-effects models and correlation analysis, respectively. Substantial errors were found between personal exposure concentrations and ambient concentrations when using air quality measurements at either FSM or the residence location. The mean exposure errors based on the measurements taken at either the FSM or residence as exposure surrogates was higher for NO2 than PM2.5, because of the larger spatial variability in NO2 concentrations in urban areas. The daily time-integrated AR for the combined PM2.5, NO2, and O3 (TIARcombine) ranged by a factor of 2.5 among participants and by a factor up to 2.5 for a given person across measured days. Inter- and intra-individual variability in TIARcombine is almost equally important. Several factors were identified to be significantly correlated with daily TIARcombine, with the top five factors, including PM2.5, NO2 and O3 concentrations at ‘home indoor’, O3 concentrations at ‘office indoor’ and ambient PM2.5 concentrations. The results on the contributors of variability in the daily TIARcombine could help in targeting interventions to reduce daily health damage related to air pollutants.

Estimating Crime in Place: Moving Beyond Residence Location

We assess if asking victims about the places where crimes happen leads to estimates of “crime in place” with better measurement properties. We analyze data from the Barcelona Victimization Survey (2015–2020) aggregated in 73 neighborhoods using longitudinal quasi-simplex models and criterion validity to estimate the quality of four types of survey-based measures of crime. The distribution of survey-based offense location estimates, as opposed to victim residence estimates, is highly similar to police-recorded crime statistics, and there is little trade off in terms of the reliability and validity of offense location and victim residence measures. Estimates of crimes reported to the police show a better validity, but their reliability is lower and capture fewer crimes.

The Analysis of Residential Rooftop PV in Indonesia’s Electricity Market

This study aimed to examine the customer interest in using rooftop PV considering the economic background and customer profile in Indonesia’s electricity market using primary survey data with potential and existing (households and industries) respondents. This research uses logit model regression to analyze the impact of the demographic background of respondents and uses exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to understand the reasons why the existing users utilize rooftop PV at their homes. The results show that education, residence location, and income can positively and significantly affect the probability of using rooftop PV as the source of electricity. Then, there are several factors that influence the use of rooftop PV, such as easily finding it in their area, having concern for the environment, following trends, and loyalty. Some disadvantages of installing rooftop PV are felt by users, such as relatively high installation cost and frequent overheating during usage. Regarding customer satisfaction, most of the respondents from both households and industries answered that they were satisfied with their rooftop’s PV. Consumers say that the benefits they obtain are comparable to the required installation costs, and the majority of consumers also said that the rooftop PV worked well and did not need many repairs every month, so consumers did not need to spend significant money on it.

The Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination Under Different Methods of Investigation: Based on Online and On-Site Surveys in China

As Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines became available in December 2020, increasingly more surveys were organized to examine the acceptance of vaccination, while most of them were conducted online. This study aimed to explore the difference between online and traditional on-site surveys in terms of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. From November to December 2020, an online survey (n = 2013) and an on-site survey (n = 4,316) were conducted simultaneously in China. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors of acceptance, and propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted to balance the outcomes. As a result, 90.0% of the online respondents accepted COVID-19 vaccination, while it was only 82.1% in the on-site survey. After applying PSM, the acceptance rate of the on-site survey was declined to 78.6%. The age structure, residence location, education, and health status were observed as important factors in addressing vaccination acceptance, which needed to be specifically considered when designing online surveys.

Association of residential distance to coast with myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study

Background Little is known about whether the residential distance to coast is associated with incident myocardial infarction (MI), as well as which mechanisms may explain the association. We aim to explore this association using data from a prospective, population-based cohort with unprecedented sample size and broad geographical coverage. Methods 377,340 participants from the prospective, population-based UK Biobank cohort were included. Residential distance to the coast was defined as participant's residence location to coast. Results 4,059 MI occurred during median 8.0 years follow-up. Using group (<1 km) as reference, group (20–50 km) was associated with lower risk of MI (hazard ratio, HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.98) and a U-shaped relation between distance to coast and MI was shown with the low risk interval between 32 km and 64 km (Pnonlinear = 0.0012). Using participants of intermediate region (32–64 km) as reference, participants of offshore region (<32 km) and inland region (>64 km) were both associated with a higher risk of incident MI (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04–1.21 and HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18, respectively). HR for offshore region (<32 km) was larger in subgroup with low total physical activity (<24 hours/week) (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.09–1.42, Pinteraction = 0.043), whereas HR for inland region (>64 km) was larger in subgroup in urban area (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.22, Pinteraction = 0.065) and in subgroup of high nitrogen dioxide air pollution (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.11–1.50, Pinteraction = 0.021). Conclusions Our findings highlight the complex and diverse associations between residential distance to the coast and incident MI. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1

Factors Affecting Drivers to Participate in a Carpooling to Public Transport Service

Several studies have focused on understanding travelers’ attitudes and characteristics toward using carpooling services. However, few of these studies have focused the driver’s behavior and carpooling services that are organized to feed public transport. This research investigates the willingness of drivers to accept a carpooling ride, as part of their trip, to/from public transport stations (i.e., rail, tram and metro). Data from the EU project Ride2Rail are used, for which a survey (n = 327) was conducted in EU27 and the UK. Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests are used to explore the relationships between drivers/non-drivers and explanatory variables. A binary logit model is developed to estimate the likelihood of carpooling as a driver to/from a public transport station. The results show that delay, convenience, residence location, security and the number of passengers influence the drivers’ decision toward using their private vehicle in carpooling services. Findings provide concrete recommendations for carpooling drivers regarding the planning of a successful carpooling service. The recommendations to “recruit” the drivers become significant, as the concept of carpooling cannot be realized without them.

Estimating crime in place: Moving beyond residence location

We assess if asking victims about the places where crimes happen leads to estimates of ‘crime in place’ with better measurement properties. We analyse data from the Barcelona Victimization Survey (2015 to 2020) aggregated in 73 neighbourhoods using longitudinal quasi-simplex models and criterion validity to estimate the quality of four types of survey-based measures of crime. The distribution of survey-based offence location estimates, as opposed to victim residence estimates, is highly similar to police-recorded crime statistics, and there is little trade off in terms of the reliability and validity of offence location and victim residence measures. Estimates of crimes reported to the police show a better validity, but their reliability is lower and capture fewer crimes.

THE COMMITMENT OF CRUISE TOUR OPERATORS TO THE TOURIST SAFETY AND SECURITY IN THE ALGERIAN LAW (COMPARATIVE STUDY)

Marine transport has developed worldwide. As a result, the design of passenger ships has improved since they are considered the main residence location of passengers and tourists. Thus, ships have become floating hotels, where recreational activities, leisure and celebrations are found. This has turned cruise tours have into a lucrative business. Alongside the boom that marine tourism has witnessed as one of the most dynamic sectors in the tourism industry, tragic events, that cannot be ignored, took place. One of these events was the sinking of the Costa Concordia cruise ship in 2012 that caused many deaths and injuries among passengers and tourists on board. This event evokes the question of the responsibility of cruise tour operators, its range and its limits. In contrast with the Egyptian and French laws that distinguish between the responsibility system of the tour operator and that of the marine transporter, the Algerian law does not make any distinction between the two systems, resulting in legal shortcomings in the case of damage that affects tourists. This latter is subject to the marine transporter legal system concerning commitment and responsibility, where the damage must be in relation to the use of the ship, which implies that bodily and material damages are not included, resulting in the decrease in the protection expectation level of the tourist consumer. In addition to the above, the lack of a distinction between the two responsibility systems leads to the multiplication of law sources and to the difficulty of its legal characterization that helps in determining the responsibility of the professionals held responsible for the tourist safety and committed to their security.

Association between Residence Location and Pre-Hospital Delay in Patients with Heart Failure

Rural residents with heart failure (HF) face more challenges than their urban counterparts in taking action when their symptoms worsen due to limited healthcare resources in rural areas. This may contribute to rural residents’ pre-hospital delay in seeking medical care. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between residence locations and pre-hospital delay among patients with HF. Therefore, this study determined whether living in rural areas is associated with pre-hospital delay in patients with HF. A retrospective electronic medical record review was conducted using the data of patients discharged with worsening HF from an academic medical center. Data on postal codes of the patients’ residences and their experiences before seeking medical care were obtained. Pre-hospital delay was calculated from the onset of HF symptoms to hospital arrival. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between residence location and pre-hospital delay. The median pre-hospital delay time of all patients was 72 h (N = 253). About half of the patients did nothing to relieve their symptoms before seeking medical care. Living in urban areas was associated with a shorter pre-hospital delay. Patients with HF waited several days after first experiencing worsening of symptoms before getting admitted to a hospital, which may be related to inappropriate interpretation and responses to the worsening of symptoms. Furthermore, we found that rural residents were more vulnerable to pre-hospital delay than their urban counterparts.