Evaluation of entrance surface air kerma in pediatric chest radiography

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Porto ◽  
N. Lunelli ◽  
S. Paschuk ◽  
A. Oliveira ◽  
J.L. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Pediatric Chest ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

scholarly journals Patient dose measurement and dose reduction in chest radiography

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Milatovic ◽  
Vesna Spasic-Jokic ◽  
Slobodan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Lateral Projection ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Patient Doses ◽  
Area Product ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma ◽  
Posterior Anterior

Investigations presented in this paper represent the first estimation of patient doses in chest radiography in Montenegro. In the initial stage of our study, we measured the entrance surface air kerma and kerma area product for chest radiography in five major health institutions in the country. A total of 214 patients were observed. We reported the mean value, minimum and third quartile values, as well as maximum values of surface air kerma and kerma area product of patient doses. In the second stage, the possibilities for dose reduction were investigated. Mean kerma area product values were 0.8 ? 0.5 Gycm2 for the posterior-anterior projection and 1.6 ? 0.9 Gycm2 for the lateral projection. The max/min ratio for the entrance surface air kerma was found to be 53 for the posterior-anterior projection and 88 for the lateral projection. Comparing the results obtained in Montenegro with results from other countries, we concluded that patient doses in our medical centres are significantly higher. Changes in exposure parameters and increased filtration contributed to a dose reduction of up to 36% for posterior-anterior chest examinations. The variability of the estimated dose values points to a significant space for dose reduction throughout the process of radiological practice optimisation.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

Impact on dose and image quality of a software-based scatter correction in mammography

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Monserrat ◽  
Elena Prieto ◽  
Benigno Barbés ◽  
Luis Pina ◽  
Arlette Elizalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Average Glandular Dose ◽  
Standard Mode ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background In 2014, Siemens developed a new software-based scatter correction (Progressive Reconstruction Intelligently Minimizing Exposure [PRIME]), enabling grid-less digital mammography. Purpose To compare doses and image quality between PRIME (grid-less) and standard (with anti-scatter grid) modes. Material and Methods Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was measured for various polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) thicknesses and dose values provided by the mammograph were recorded. CDMAM phantom images were acquired for various PMMA thicknesses and inverse Image Quality Figure (IQFinv) was calculated. Values of incident entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and average glandular dose (AGD) were obtained from the DICOM header for a total of 1088 pairs of clinical cases. Two experienced radiologists compared subjectively the image quality of a total of 149 pairs of clinical cases. Results CNR values were higher and doses were lower in PRIME mode for all thicknesses. IQFinv values in PRIME mode were lower for all thicknesses except for 40 mm of PMMA equivalent, in which IQFinv was slightly greater in PRIME mode. A mean reduction of 10% in ESAK and 12% in AGD in PRIME mode with respect to standard mode was obtained. The clinical image quality in PRIME and standard acquisitions resulted to be similar in most of the cases (84% for the first radiologist and 67% for the second one). Conclusion The use of PRIME software reduces, in average, the dose of radiation to the breast without affecting image quality. This reduction is greater for thinner and denser breasts.

scholarly journals Training physicians in India to interpret pediatric chest radiographs according to World Health Organization research methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. McCollum ◽  
Melissa M. Higdon ◽  
Nicholas S. S. Fancourt ◽  
Jack Sternal ◽  
William Checkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Pediatric Chest ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Chest radiography is the standard for diagnosing pediatric lower respiratory infections in low-income and middle-income countries. A method for interpreting pediatric chest radiographs for research endpoints was recently updated by the World Health Organization (WHO) Chest Radiography in Epidemiological Studies project. Research in India required training local physicians to interpret chest radiographs following the WHO method. Objective To describe the methodology for training Indian physicians and evaluate the training’s effectiveness. Materials and methods Twenty-nine physicians (15 radiologists and 14 pediatricians) from India were trained by two WHO Chest Radiography in Epidemiological Studies members over 3 days in May 2019. Training materials were adapted from WHO Chest Radiography in Epidemiological Studies resources. Participants followed WHO methodology to interpret 60 unique chest radiographs before and after the training. Participants needed to correctly classify ≥80% of radiographs for primary endpoint pneumonia on the post-training test to be certified to interpret research images. We analyzed participant performance on both examinations. Results Twenty-six of 29 participants (89.7%) completed both examinations. The average score increased by 9.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.0–14.1%) between examinations (P<0.001). Participants correctly classifying ≥80% of images for primary endpoint pneumonia increased from 69.2% (18/26) on the pretraining to 92.3% (24/26) on the post-training examination (P=0.003). The mean scores of radiologists and pediatricians on the post-training examination were not statistically different (P=0.43). Conclusion Our results demonstrate this training approach using revised WHO definitions and tools was successful, and that non-radiologists can learn to apply these methods as effectively as radiologists. Such capacity strengthening is important for enabling research to support national policy decision-making in these settings. We recommend future research incorporating WHO chest radiograph methodology to consider modelling trainings after this approach.

scholarly journals National Survey of Radiation Doses of Pediatric Chest Radiography in Korea: Analysis of the Factors Affecting Radiation Doses

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hyun Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hyun Do ◽  
Hyun Woo Goo ◽  
Dong Hyun Yang ◽  
Sang Young Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pediatric Chest

scholarly journals An Approach for Online Determining the Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) in Digital Radiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Idris Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Digital Radiology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Dicom Header ◽  
Area Product ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Abstract An online method is proposed to determine the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) in digital radiology from console-displayed kerma area product (PKA) data. ESAK values were calculated from X-ray tube outputs and patient exposure factors across five X-ray examinations. The corresponding PKAvalues were taken from the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) header. Using linear regression between ESAK and values, the slope and intercept coefficients for each type of X-ray equipment and procedure were determined. The coefficient to determine ESAK from ranged from 59% for a posteroanterior chest to 88% for anteroposterior lumbar spine view X-ray procedures. The results demonstrated the possibility of online estimates of ESAK from a console that displayed using readily available digital information in radiology. The results may have important implications in interventional radiology, where ESAK values are crucial for preventing skin injuries due to prolonged fluoroscopy times.

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