scholarly journals Are used face masks handled as infectious waste? Novel pollution driven by the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 200062
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Ebo Yahans Amuah ◽  
Edna Pambour Agyemang ◽  
Paul Dankwa ◽  
Bernard Fei-Baffoe ◽  
Raymond Webrah Kazapoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Waste

scholarly journals A pilot survey of the U.S. medical waste industry to determine training needs for safely handling highly infectious waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora B. Le ◽  
Selin Hoboy ◽  
Anne Germain ◽  
Hal Miller ◽  
Richard Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Waste ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Infectious Waste ◽  
The U.S

Effect of a comprehensive program to reduce infectious waste

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul B. Zafar ◽  
R.Christopher Butler
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Program ◽  
Infectious Waste

A STUDY OF WASTE MANAGEMENT OF SAIDU TEACHING HOSPITAL

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Bushra Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Jan ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Satea Arif
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Operation Theatre ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Infectious Waste

Objectives: The study was designed to find out the type and quantity of different type of wastes generated inthe two wings of Saidu Group of teaching Hospitals. The study also aimed at finding that whether facilitiesare available in different units for the segregation, storage, disinfection of infectious waste at the onset andmethods of disposal of waste within and outside the hospital. Also, types of items reused and their methodsof sterilization and the fate of used syringes was found out.Study Design: ObservationalMethodology: The study focus was Saidu Teaching Hospital (STH), a tertiary care hospital providingservices to the people of Swat, Malakand, Dir, Kohistan and areas far up to Chitral. Situated 1.5 Km apartSTH consists of two administrative units,Saidu Wing and Central Wing.A qualitative analysis of various aspects of waste management was done by reviewing the availableauthentic record and discussion with the sanitary and administrative staff of the hospital. All the data wascollected according to, and filled in a pre-designed questionnaire.Results: It was found that Saidu Teaching Hospital generates more than 550 Kg of solid waste and 1295liters of liquid waste per day, which makes 1.2 Kg/bed/day. As a whole 80% of the waste generated wasordinary garbage, 12% was infectious, 4% was Pharmacological, 3% pathological and 0.8% consisted ofsharps.The provision of facilities for the segregation of waste at outpatient departments, Wards, Operation theatreand Laboratories/Blood Banks were 7.5%, 7%, 20% and 28.5% respectively and for storage of waste beforedisposal at outpatient departments, Wards, Operation theatre and Laboratories / Blood Banks were 22%,8%, 0% and 28.5% respectively.Disinfection of infectious waste at outpatient departments, wards, operation theatre and laboratories / bloodbanks was 10%, 12%, 0% and 17% respectively. Methods used were treatment with phenyl and burning inopen air.About the removal of waste from hospital premises, 78% mentioned sweepers, 17% said rig pickers while5% said that there is no one to take away the waste.54% admitted that they threw the syringes as such in thebins.The study found that 80% of the waste went to the municipal corporation land fills, the rest was either burntor thrown as such into the water channel passing through the hospital (12% & 8% respectively). 67% blamedthe administration, 25 % held the doctors responsible, 37% charged the nursing staff and 67% blamed thesweepers for the faulty management of hospital waste.Conclusion: It is thus concluded that Saidu Teaching Hospital generates huge amount of solid and liquidwaste, which is not properly disposed off currently, therefore it needs modern and scientific waste disposalsystems.Keywords: Waste Management, hospital waste management, waste disposal

Hospital Waste Generation During an Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Taiwan

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chow F. Chiang ◽  
Fung C. Sung ◽  
Fang H. Chang ◽  
Ching T. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Infectious Waste

During the SARS outbreak in Taiwan, the number of ambulatory patients and inpatients treated at one medical center decreased by 40%-70% because of the increasing number of SARS patients. A the peak of the epidemic, the amount of hospital infectious waste had increased from a norm of 0.85 kg per patient-day to 2.7 kg per patient-day. However, the hospital was able to return the generation of waste to normal levels within 10 days.

Chimney Filter Model Wet Scrubber to Reduce Air Pollutant Emissions on the Incinerator

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Hurip Jayadi ◽  
Frida Hendrarinata ◽  
Beny Suyanto ◽  
Sunaryo Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Infectious Waste

In general, inpatient health care facilities produce infectious and non-infectious waste 0.3 mᶟ / day. Non-infectious waste that is burned in an incinerator without a chimney filter, can cause particles, CO, SO2, NOx (air pollutants) and cause environmental pollution. This study aims to make a chimney filter design with a Scrubber model on an incinerator at the Public Health Center, Maospati District, Magetan Regency to reduce the amount of air pollutants emitted. This type of research is experimental research. This research designed a particle trapping device, gas by spraying water into the scrubber. The independent variable of this research was the variation of the water flow sprayed in the scrubber (3.2 liters / minute, 4 liters / minute, 5.6 liters / minute). The dependent variables of this study were particles, SO2, NOx, CO. Data collection using a digital gas detector method in the form of a UV spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed descriptively, in the form of frequency distribution, and percentage, presentation of data in a table based on air emission quality standards from thermal waste processing. The results illustrate that the use of a chimney scrubber filter with water spraying 3.2 liters / minute, 4 liters / minute, 5.6 liters / minute can reduce air pollutants, emission of SO2, CO to below the air quality standard. In addition, this tool can also reduce NOx gas and particles, but not yet below the quality standard. The conclusion from the results of this study is particulate emission air pollutants, gas SO2, CO, NOx. the incinerator can be lowered by modifying variations by spraying water 3.2 liters / minute, 4 liters / minute, 5.6 liters / minute on the chimney scrubber filter on the incinerator. Keywords: incinerator; scrubber; water discharge variations; particle; gas

Overview of Solid Waste Management of Healthcare and Related Organisations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1336-1352
Author(s):  
Isaiah Adesola Oke ◽  
Lukman Salihu ◽  
Idi Dansuleiman Mohammed ◽  
Asani M. Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
District Health ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
The World ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Infectious Waste

This chapter provides information on the quantities and properties of healthcare wastes in various types of facilities located in developing countries, as well as in some industrialized countries. Most of the information has been obtained from the literature, while some information has been collected by the authors and from reports available to the authors. The range of hospital waste generation varies from 0.016 to 3.23 kg/bed-day. The relatively wide variation is due to the fact that some of the facilities surveyed may include out-patient services and district health clinics; these facilities essentially provide basic services and thus the quantities of waste generated are relatively small. On the other hand, the reported amount of infectious waste varied from 0.01 to 0.65 kg/bed-day. The characteristics of the components of healthcare wastes, such as the bulk density and the calorific value, have substantial variability. It was concluded that the world has made only slow progress in proper medical in past decades, with dramatic differences among countries and regions.

Common Organisms Responsible for Healthcare-associated Infection (HCAI)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Jacob ◽  
Martina N. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Patient Admissions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infectious Waste

MRSA are S. aureus which become methicillin resistant by the acquisition of the mec A gene which is on a mobile chromosomal determinant called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec). The mec A gene encodes for a penicillin- binding protein (PBP2a) which has a low affinity for isoxazolyl-penicillins (MICs to oxacillin/ meticillin ≥ 4μg/ ml) and is resistant to all classes of beta-lactam antibiotics. Current Department of Health (DOH) guidance (2014) recommends that mandatory MRSA screening be streamlined to include only: ● All patient admissions to high- risk units; ● Healthcare workers; and ● All patients previously identified as colonized or infected with MRSA. The guidance also advises Trusts to follow local risk assessment policies to identify other potential high- risk units or units with a history of high endemicity of MRSA; and The guidance also recommends regular auditing of compliance with MRSA screening policy. The 2006 guideline for the control and prevention of MRSA in healthcare facilities recommends the following four measures. ● Isolation MRSA- positive patients should be nursed in a single room or if none is available, cohorting into a bay after risk assessment. Patient movement, and the number of staff and visitors looking after the patient, should be minimized. ● Hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) All staff and visitors should decontaminate their hands with soap and water/or an alcohol rub before and after contact with the patient or their immediate surroundings. Single-use disposable gloves and aprons/non- permeable gowns should be used by staff and visitors if there is a risk of contamination with body fluids. ● Disposal of waste and laundry All waste from colonized/ infected patients should be placed in the infectious waste stream. All linen and bedding from patients colonized/infected with MRSA should be considered as contaminated and processed as infected linen. ● Cleaning and decontamination The patient’s room should be cleaned/disinfected daily with an appropriate detergent/disinfectant as per local policy. On discharge of the patient, the room needs to be terminally cleaned before it is reused. All patient equipment should either be single-patient use or be cleaned, disinfected, and sterilized.

Infectious waste from subdistrict health promoting hospital: How about the amount?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Patthamaporn Apaijitt ◽  
Vechayan Kanchan ◽  
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Keyword(s):  
Health Promoting Hospital ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Infectious Waste
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