Distinctive chronic health risks in the context of disaster exposure: Findings from a nationally representative population survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. S338
Author(s):  
L. Reifels
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Disaster Exposure

scholarly journals Examining the National Profile of Chronic Disaster Health Risks in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s5-s5
Author(s):  
Lennart Reifels ◽  
Michel LA Dückers ◽  
Grant Blashki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Profile ◽  
Disaster Exposure

Introduction:Despite a longstanding focus on examining acute health impacts in disaster research, only limited systematic information is available today to further our understanding of chronic physical health risks of disaster exposure. Heterogeneity of studies and disaster events of varying type and scale compounding this challenge highlight the merit of a consistent approach to examining nationally representative population data to understand distinctive profiles of chronic disaster health risks.Aim:This epidemiological study examined the full spectrum and national profile of chronic physical health risks associated with natural and man-made disaster exposure in Australia.Methods:Nationally-representative population survey data (N=8841) were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic variables, exposure to natural and man-made disasters, and other traumatic events. Key outcomes included lifetime national chronic health priority conditions (asthma, cancer, stroke, rheumatism/arthritis, diabetes, heart/circulatory) and other conditions of 6 month or more duration (based on the World Health Organization’s WMH-CIDI chronic conditions module).Results:Natural disaster exposure primarily increased the lifetime risk of stroke (AOR 2.06, 95%CI 1.54-2.74). Man-made disaster exposure increased the lifetime risk of stomach ulcer (AOR 2.21, 95%CI 1.14-4.31), migraine (AOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.02-2.56), and heart/circulatory conditions (AOR 2.01, 95%CI 1.07-3.75). Multiple man-made disaster exposure heightened the risk of migraine (AOR 2.98, 95%CI 1.28-6.92) and chronic back or neck conditions (AOR 1.63, 95%CI 1.02-2.62), while multiple natural disaster exposure heightened the risk of stroke (AOR 3.28, 95%CI 1.90-5.67). No other chronic health risks were elevated. Despite the relatively greater chronic health risks linked to man-made disasters, natural disasters were associated overall with more cases of chronic health conditions.Discussion:The analysis of nationally-representative population data provides a consistent method to examine the unique national imprint of disaster exposure and distinct profile of disaster health risks to inform future detection, prevention measures, disaster health preparedness, and response planning.

scholarly journals Suicidality Risk and (Repeat) Disaster Exposure: Findings From a Nationally Representative Population Survey

Psychiatry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Reifels ◽  
Matthew J. Spittal ◽  
Michel L. A. Dückers ◽  
Katherine Mills ◽  
Jane Pirkis
Keyword(s):  
Population Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Disaster Exposure

scholarly journals Early Origins of Body Mass in Later Life: Examining Childhood Risks and Adult Pathways

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652110054
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Mustillo ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
Patricia Morton ◽  
Kenneth F. Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Nationally Representative

Prior research reveals that negative early-life experiences play a major role in the development of obesity in later life, but few studies identify mechanisms that alter the lifetime risk of obesity. This study examines the influence of negative childhood experiences on body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI ≥30) during older adulthood and the psychosocial and behavioral pathways involved. Using a nationally representative sample, we examine the influence of cumulative misfortune as well as five separate domains of misfortune on BMI and obesity. Results show that four of the five domains are associated with BMI and obesity either directly, indirectly, or both. The influence of cumulative misfortune on the outcomes is mediated by three adult factors: socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. The mediators identified here provide targets for intervention among older adults to help offset the health risks of excess BMI attributable of early-life exposure to misfortune.

scholarly journals Ambient Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Levels Along Colorado’s Northern Front Range: Acute and Chronic Health Risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 4514-4525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. McKenzie ◽  
Benjamin Blair ◽  
John Hughes ◽  
William B. Allshouse ◽  
Nicola J. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Chronic Health

Older Americans’ Perceptions of the Federal Government’s Pandemic Response: Voices From the COVID-19 Coping Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752110621
Author(s):  
Haley B. Gallo ◽  
Lindsay C. Kobayashi ◽  
Jessica M. Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Mixed Messages

There is limited understanding of how older adults evaluated the federal government’s COVID-19 response, despite their increased health risks during the pandemic and their important role in politics. We conducted qualitative thematic analysis on a nationally representative subsample of respondents aged 55+ from the COVID-19 Coping Study ( N = 500) who were asked: “How do you feel about federal government responses to and handling of the COVID-19 pandemic?” Analyses identified largely negative opinions about the federal government and former President Trump’s leadership, though some were neutral or positive. Participants expressed concerns that the federal government was undermining science, and that sending mixed messages about personal protective equipment and masks was dangerous. Perspectives were divergent and reflective of the country’s polarization surrounding COVID-19 policies. Results can inform efforts to build unity between political parties and identify strategies that governments can use to better respond to future public health crises.

scholarly journals Likelihood of being Physically Inactive from a Nationally Representative sample of Autistic Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Autism Severity ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disability ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Many

Despite the many health risks of physical inactivity, studies have demonstrated individual, family, and environmental determinants of inactivity for autistic children. However, these studies never examined these correlates at the same time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore these ecological domains concurrently when examining physical inactivity correlates for autistic children. This study used data from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Childrens Health. The authors predicted physical inactivity while controlling for child, parental/household, and neighborhood correlates with autism status as the comparison group. When controlling for covariates, children with co-occurring autism and intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36-2.68) or ASD only (aOR = 1.91, CI: 1.48-2.48) were significantly more likely to be inactive when compared to children without autism or IDD. However, autism medicine and autism severity were not predictors for obese autistic children. These findings indicate that it is important to take a holistic, ecological approach when exploring the correlates of inactivity for autistic children.

scholarly journals Towards a dietary-exposome assessment of chemicals in food: An update on the chronic health risks for the European consumer

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1890-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Eskola ◽  
Christopher T. Elliott ◽  
Jana Hajšlová ◽  
David Steiner ◽  
Rudolf Krska
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
European Consumer

Assessing Chronic Health Risks from Stationary Source Air Emissions in Volgograd, Russia

1998 ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
B. Filatov ◽  
T. Kolodi ◽  
S. Wolff ◽  
H Özkaynak ◽  
B. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Stationary Source

scholarly journals Pesticide Residue Analysis of Khat Leaves and Health Risks among Khat Chewers in the Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Seyfe Asrade Atnafie ◽  
Niguse Yigzaw Muluneh ◽  
Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun ◽  
Asegedech Tsegaw Woredekal ◽  
Wubayehu Khaliw
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Two Samples

Introduction. Farmers use a large number of pesticides to increase the productivity of Khat cultivation. Since Khat is consumed by many Ethiopians as a habit, there may be a significant concentration of pesticide residues in Khat leaves which result in adverse effects among the exposed population. Excess use of pesticides in Khat causes cancer, genotoxicity, and endocrine disturbances. The current study aimed to determine the concentration of selected pesticide residues on Khat leaves samples and to estimate the possible health risk on consumers. Methods. Thirty Khat samples were collected from Khat cultivators in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Pesticide residue extraction and cleanup of Khat samples were performed using the QuEChERS method. Data were also collected about personal variables and Khat consumption habits. The pesticide concentrations were determined and the health risks were estimated. Results. Profenofos, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos were detected in 6 (20%), 24 (80%), and 28 (93.3%) Khat samples, respectively. However, diazinon was detected in two samples and endosulfan I was not detected. The average concentration of chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, profenofos, and diazinon in Khat samples was 75.39 ± 20.26, 130 ± 48.94, 242.45 ± 119.79, and 81.5 ± 21.0 μg/kg, respectively. The HQ for diazinon was greater than 1 which shows the chronic health risks associated with intake of diazinon among Khat chewers. The acute health risks associated with intake of profenofos and diazinon were minimal. Discussion. Pesticide residue exposure is a risk factor for cardiac complications, reduction in antioxidant defense system, and developing neurological symptoms. All the pesticides were higher than the European Union Maximum Residue Levels (EU-MRL). Diazinon has the potential to cause higher chronic health risks. Chronic Khat chewers in the region may face potential health risks from pesticide residues. Awareness creation among people in the study area is necessary to avoid the adverse health effects of pesticide residues.

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