Forecasting bean yield losses under weed and Fusarium impacts from field plot statistical modeling

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of varying densities of hairy nightshade and varying durations of interference on the biomass and seed yield of dry beans. As few as two hairy nightshade plants per meter of row reduced bean seed yield by an average of 13% over the 2 yr of the study. Increasing the density of hairy nightshade to 100 plants per meter resulted in bean yield losses of 77%. Hairy nightshade interference during the first 3 weeks after crop emergence was sufficient to reduce bean yields. Up to 9 weeks of hairy nightshade-free maintenance after crop emergence was required to prevent bean yield losses. Hairy nightshade was a prolific seed producer. At low infestation densities, over 45 000 seeds per plant were produced. Hairy nightshade seed production peaked at over 300 000 seeds m–1at about 30 plants per m of row. Depending on the length of the growing season, 6 to 9 weeks of weed-free conditions after crop emergence were required to prevent hairy nightshade from producing viable seeds before the first killing frost in the fall. Results are discussed in terms of timing and longevity of control required to reduce hairy nightshade interference in dry beans.

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Interference of Volunteer Corn on Stress Metabolism and Yield of Dry Beans

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. PIASECKI ◽

M.A. RIZZARDI ◽

J. SCHONS ◽

A. CAVERZAN ◽

C. OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Enzyme Analysis ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Volunteer Corn ◽

Corn Plants

ABSTRACT: Dry bean cultivation after corn favors the occurrence of volunteer corn plants which interfere with the crop and cause yield losses of dry bean. Yield losses resulting from interferences caused by corn may be related to oxidative stress, which, in turn, is caused by the higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This work aimed to quantify H2O2 contents, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in dry beans under interference with densities of volunteer corn F2 originated from individual plants and clumps (seven corn plants emerged at the same point). Two experiments were carried out in a randomized blocks design with three replicates in Passo Fundo - RS, Brazil. Enzyme analysis was performed in a laboratory at 21, 35 and 46 days after dry bean emergence (DAE). Corn densities were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 plants or clumps m-2. The results show changes in H2O2 levels and in the activity of SOD, CAT, and APX enzymes with the increase of corn densities, in which the highest activity occurred for SOD. The interference of volunteer corn with dry beans alters the stress metabolism of dry bean but does not cause oxidative stress. The yield of dry beans reduced under interference with volunteer corn F2, but it is higher when the corn was originated from clumps.

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Yield Losses and Economic Threshold of GR® F2 Volunteer Corn in Bean

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

C. PIASECKI ◽

M.A. RIZZARDI

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Economic Threshold ◽

Rectangular Hyperbola ◽

Control Efficiency ◽

Loss Data ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Volunteer Corn ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT: Volunteer corn has high competitive capacity with bean, and the degree of interference varies as a function of corn density and origin (individual plant or clump). This study aimed to quantify bean yield losses under interference with densities of individual plants and clumps (seven plants at the same point) of GR® F2 volunteer corn and calculate the economic threshold (ET). Two experiments were carried out in a randomized blocks design with three replicates in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. The studied volunteer corn densities were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 individual plants and clumps m-2. The bean yield was assessed and calculated the yield losses (%) in response to volunteer corn interference. The yield loss data were fitted to the rectangular hyperbola model to generate the parameters for ET determining. ET was calculated as a function of cost (US$ ha-1) and control efficiency (%) of volunteer corn, the price paid for bean (US$ kg-1), and bean yield (kg ha-1). Interferences caused by densities of volunteer corn of 0.5, 1, and 2 individual plants and clumps m-2 in bean resulted in yield losses of 9%, 17%, and 30%, and 33%, 51%, and 70%, respectively. The ET of volunteer corn on bean was, on average, 0.21 individual plants m-2 and 0.04 clumps m-2. Increases in yield and price paid for beans, higher efficiency of volunteer corn control, and a decrease in costs of control promote a reduction in ET. Interferences caused by clumps resulted in higher bean yield losses than individual plants.

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Potential Yield Loss in Dry Bean Crops Due to Weeds in the United States and Canada

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2017.116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 342-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nader Soltani ◽

J. Anita Dille ◽

Robert H. Gulden ◽

Christy L. Sprague ◽

Richard K. Zollinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Weed Management ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Census Data ◽

Field Studies ◽

The United States ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Bean Yield

AbstractEarlier reports have summarized crop yield losses throughout various North American regions if weeds were left uncontrolled. Offered here is a report from the current WSSA Weed Loss Committee on potential yield losses due to weeds based on data collected from various regions of the United States and Canada. Dry bean yield loss estimates were made by comparing dry bean yield in the weedy control with plots that had >95% weed control from research studies conducted in dry bean growing regions of the United States and Canada over a 10-year period (2007 to 2016). Results from these field studies showed that dry bean growers in Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Ontario, and Manitoba would potentially lose an average of 50%, 31%, 36%, 59%, 94%, 31%, 71%, 56%, and 71% of their dry bean yield, respectively. This equates to a monetary loss of US $36, 40, 6, 56, 421, 2, 18, 44, and 44 million, respectively, if the best agronomic practices are used without any weed management tactics. Based on 2016 census data, at an average yield loss of 71.4% for North America due to uncontrolled weeds, dry bean production in the United States and Canada would be reduced by 941,000,000 and 184,000,000 kg, valued at approximately US $622 and US $100 million, respectively. This study documents the dramatic yield and monetary losses in dry beans due to weed interference and the importance of continued funding for weed management research to minimize dry bean yield losses.

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Field Plot Technique Affects Snap Bean Yield Evaluation

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.118.5.672 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 118 (5) ◽

pp. 672-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gavin R. Sills ◽

James Nienhuis

Keyword(s):

Plant Population ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Field Plot ◽

Population Densities ◽

Single Degree Of Freedom ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Plot Size ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Harvest Method ◽

Field Plot Technique

The interactive effects of genotypes, plant population densities, and harvest methods on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield evaluation were investigated using a split-split plot factorial arrangement of treatments at two locations Six snap bean processing cultivars were grown at 5.5, 11, and 22 plants/m2 and harvested either by machine or by hand. Each' of three commercial seed companies provided two cultivars, one of which was described as “good” and the other as “poor” for machine harvesting. Genotype × harvest method interactions were not significant for pod count, but were significant when yield was evaluated as pod weight. This latter interaction was explained by a single-degree-of-freedom contrast of genotypes × (“good” vs. “poor” harvestability). Genotype × density and genotype × density × location interactions were significant for both pod count and weight. The density × harvest method interaction was nonsignificant for both yield variables. These results suggest that breeders can evaluate yield of genotypes using either hand or machine harvest but should use plant population densities appropriate to commercial production. Optimum plot size for snap bean yield evaluations at these locations under the various conditions imposed were estimated.

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Damage by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and bean yield

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v75i4.3621 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 353-361

Author(s):

José Serracín ◽

Roberto A. Young ◽

Juan C. Rosas ◽

Jacobo Cáceres

Keyword(s):

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Integrated Control ◽

Control Program ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Resistant Genotype ◽

Farm Level ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Moderately Resistant

Common bacterial blight produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Xcp), is considered one of the diseases of major economic importance in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in Honduras. Yield reduction at farm level produced by this pathogen is considered significant; however, its magnitude is unknown. To determine the severity, incidence and percentage of seed yield reduction caused by Xcp, two experiments were conducted in El Zamorano Valley, Honduras, during the early (June to Aug.) and late (Sept. to Dec.) growing seasons of 1989. Three genotypes differing ¡n their reaction to Xcp, XAN 155 (resistant), EAP 10-88 (moderately resistant) and "Catrachita" (susceptible), were evaluated under protected and unprotected treatments applied to plants artificially inoculated with Xcp. Reaction to Xcp clearly reflected the degree of resistance of each genotype. Yield losses caused by Xcp during the late season ranged between 22 and 41.6% in the unprotected treatment. The severity of Xcp observed in the resistant genotype XAN 155 suggested that at farm level the implementation of an integrated control program is necessary in order to reduce yield losses caused by this pathogen.

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