Thermal pre-treatment options to enhance anaerobic digestibility – A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 110627
Author(s):  
Marvin Scherzinger ◽  
Martin Kaltschmitt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestibility

Soil aquifer treatment using advanced primary effluent

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj K. Sharma ◽  
Mustefa Hussen ◽  
Gary Amy
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sedimentation Basins

Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) using primary effluent (PE) is an attractive option for wastewater treatment and reuse in many developing countries with no or minimal wastewater treatment. One of the main limitations of SAT of PE is rapid clogging of the infiltration basin due to high suspended solid concentrations. Some pre-treatment of PE before infiltration is likely to reduce this limitation, improve performance of SAT and help to implement this technology effectively. The effects of three pre-treatment options namely sedimentation (SED), coagulation (COAG) and horizontal roughing filtration (HRF) on SAT were analyzed by conducting laboratory-scale batch and soil column experiments. The sedimentation and coagulation pre-treatments led to less head loss development and reduction of clogging effect. The head loss development in soil column using PE + COAG and PE + SED was reduced by 85 and 72%, respectively, compared to PE alone without any pre-treatment. The overall dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of pre-treatments and soil column collectively were 34, 44, 51 and 43.5% for PE without any pre-treatment, PE + SED, PE + COAG and PE + HRF, respectively. Coagulation pre-treatment of PE was found to be the most effective option in terms of suspended solids, DOC and nitrogen removal. Sedimentation pre-treatment of PE could be attractive where land is relatively less expensive for the construction of sedimentation basins.

scholarly journals Impact of ozone assisted ultrasonication pre-treatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinbo Tian ◽  
Antoine Prandota Trzcinski ◽  
Li Leonard Lin ◽  
Wun Jern Ng
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestibility

scholarly journals Impact of pre-treatment technologies on soil aquifer treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Besançon ◽  
M. Pidou ◽  
P. Jeffrey ◽  
B. Jefferson ◽  
K. S. Le Corre
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of pre-treatment options on the performances of soil columns simulating soil aquifer treatment (SAT). For this purpose a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and vertical flow reed beds were used as single units or in combination before SAT. The influent and effluent from each treatment train were monitored over three successive 6-month periods, corresponding to changes in the operational conditions of the MBR and CAS units from 6 days' sludge retention time (SRT) to 12 and 20 days. All the columns acted as efficient polishing steps for solids and bacteria. The column receiving effluent from the CAS system running at 6 days' SRT also presented high total nitrogen and total phosphorus removals, but this column was also associated with the lowest infiltration rates over that period. While the quality of the effluent from the column following the CAS process increased over 18 months of operation, the effluent quality of the columns receiving MBR effluent degraded. No correlations were found between variations in SRT of the MBR and CAS processes and the columns' performances. Overall, all columns, except the one receiving CAS effluent, underwent a reduction in infiltration rate over 18 months.

scholarly journals Investigation of Household Laundry Water as an Alternative Water Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Orsolya Kelemen ◽  
Andrea Izbékiné Szabolcsik ◽  
Ildikó Bodnár
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Procedures

AbstractThe goal of our research is to study the potential treatment options for the relatively contaminated greywater fraction from washing, in order to use this fraction as an alternative water source. During the research to compare the purification efficiency of different greywater treatment solutions we have created a constant composition synthetic laundry greywater, based on tap water, which represents the real laundry water in the terms of quality. As greywater treatment solutions, in terms of physical pre-treatment procedure we used a sand filtering method, and in terms of chemical processes we used coagulation and oxidation. Based on treatment efficiencies, we can say that the treatment procedures can achieve significant quality improvements, but none of the methods can achieve the required cleaning efficiency by itself. In order to reach the optimum quality parameters, the use of combined methods is required.

scholarly journals Treatment Options for Osteoarthritis of the Ankle: Appropriate Distinction Between Brace Treatment and Arthrodesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0021
Author(s):  
Takaaki Hirano ◽  
Yui Akiyama ◽  
Tomoko Karube ◽  
Naoki Haraguchi ◽  
Hisateru Niki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Brace Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Observation Period

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Ankle arthrodesis (fusion) for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the ankle (OA) was reported to have good therapeutic results; however, this has not been compared with conservative treatment. At this conference last year, brace treatment using an ankle-foot orthosis, Hiflex Foot Gear (HFG), was also reported to have good therapeutic results, which allows for slight mobility in the ankle joint while providing appropriate level of support for the ankle joint. On this occasion, the therapeutic results of brace treatment and fusion were compared, and treatment options for OA were examined. Methods: Subjects included nine cases and ten feet in a group that was diagnosed with stage IIIb OA or worse according to the Takakura Classification and were treated with HFG (mean age of 70.6 years, mean course observation period of 8.4 months) and nine cases and ten feet in a group that was treated with fusion for the same diagnosis (mean age of 58.1 years, mean course observation period of 25.5 months). The pre-treatment and post-treatment physician-initiated objective evaluation by the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot scale (JSSF scale) and patient-reported subjective evaluation by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association/ the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot, and subscales of Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q) were examined, and improvements in each score in two groups were compared (post-treatment vs pre-treatment) by an unpaired t-test. The validity and reliability of JSSF scale and SAFE-Q have been established by psychometric verification Results: The improvement after the treatment for the HFG group and the fusion group was observed. JSSF scores were 16.1 (p < 0.001) and 35.5 (p < 0.001), respectively, and pain and pain-related scores in the SAFE-Q were 20.8 (p = 0.021) and 35.4 (p < 0.001), respectively. Physical function and daily living were 12.8 (p < 0.001) and 18.6 (p = 0.007), respectively, while social functioning scores were 18.0 (p = 0.001) and 32.8 (p = 0.001), respectively. The JSSF score for both groups was significantly improved. In SAFE-Q, physical function and daily living improved significantly in the HFG group, while pain and pain-related improved significantly in the fusion group.

Treatment of septage in constructed wetlands in tropical climate: lessons learnt from seven years of operation

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Koottatep ◽  
N. Surinkul ◽  
C. Polprasert ◽  
A.S.M. Kamal ◽  
D. Koné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sanitation Systems

In tropical regions, where most of the developing countries are located, septic tanks and other onsite sanitation systems are the predominant form of storage and pre-treatment of excreta and wastewater, generating septage and other types of sludges. The septage is disposed of untreated, mainly due to lack of affordable treatment options. This study presents lessons that have been learned from the operation of pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) for septage treatment since 1997. The experiments have been conducted by using three CW units planted with narrow-leave cattails (Typha augustifolia) and operating in a vertical-flow mode. Based on the experimental results, it can be suggested that the optimum solids loading rate be 250 kg TS/m2 yr and 6-day percolate impoundment. At these operational conditions, the removal efficiencies of CW units treating septage at the range of 80–96% for COD, TS and TKN were achieved. The biosolid accumulated on the CW units to a depth of 80 cm has never been removed during 7 years of operation, but bed permeability remained unimpaired. The biosolid contains viable helminth eggs below critical limit of sludge quality standards for agricultural use. Subject to local conditions, the suggested operational criteria should be reassessed at the full-scale implementation.

Enhancement of anaerobic digestibility of lipids and optimization of biogas production by implementing emulsification as pre-treatment method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αλέξανδρος Ευταξίας
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Contact Process ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestibility

Στόχος της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής υπήρξε η ανάπτυξη ολοκληρωμένης διεργασίας αναερόβιας χώνευσης με υψηλή περιεκτικότητα σε λίπη μέσω της διερεύνησης και βελτιστοποίησης (α) κατάλληλης διεργασίας προ-επεξεργασίας λιπών/ελαίων για περιορισμό των λειτουργικό προβλημάτων και (β) κατάλληλου τύπου αντιδραστήρα για την διαχείριση αποβλήτων υψηλής περιεκτικότητας σε λίπη. Τα λιπίδια χαρακτηρίζονται από χαμηλή διαλυτότητα και πυκνότητα, με αποτέλεσμα να παρουσιάζουν χαμηλή διαθεσιμότητα καθώς επιπλέουν στην επιφάνεια του αντιδραστήρα. Η αναερόβια χώνευση λιπιδίων μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε λειτουργικές αστάθειες όπως διάλυση των κόκκων/ φλόκων της αναερόβιας βιομάζας, αφρισμό και επίπλευση της ιλύος, παρεμπόδιση και τοξικότητα έως και πλήρη κατάρρευση των διεργασιών παραγωγής βιοαερίου. Με στόχο τον περιορισμό των παραπάνω προβλημάτων έχουν εφαρμοστεί διάφορες μέθοδοι προ-επεξεργασίας των λιπιδίων οι οποίες στοχεύουν σε αύξηση της βιοδιαθεσιμότητας αυτών και σε άρση των περιορισμών στη μεταφορά μάζας. Τέτοιες μέθοδοι είναι η σαπωνοποίηση, η ενζυματική υδρόλυση και η γαλακτωματοποίηση. Η τελευταία μέθοδος προ-επεξεργασίας, οδηγεί στην μείωση του μεγέθους των λιπιδίων σε επίπεδα του μικρομέτρου αυξάνοντας έτσι σημαντικά τη διεπιφάνεια νερού-ελαίου και περιορίζοντας την επίπλευση ελεύθερων λιπών εντός του χωνευτή. Ως μειονεκτήματα της μεθόδου είναι ότι απαιτούνται σημαντικά ποσά ενέργειας καθώς και η προσθήκη γαλακτωματοποιητών. Σύμφωνα με τα παραπάνω η αναερόβια χώνευση λιπιδίων υπόκειται τόσο σε θερμοδυναμικούς περιορισμούς των βιολογικών διεργασιών όσο και τεχνικά και λειτουργικά προβλήματα της εγκατάστασης. Για τους παραπάνω λόγους η προσθήκη λιπιδίων σε μονάδες βιοαερίου πλήρους κλίμακας δεν πραγματοποιείται είτε είναι περιορισμένη. Μελετήθηκε η γαλακτωματοποίηση ως μέθοδος προ-επεξεργασίας για την αναερόβια χώνευση διαφορετικών LCFAs σε μεσόφιλες συνθήκες σε αντιδραστήρες ημι-συνεχούς λειτουργίας. Έγινε εφαρμογή του μοντέλου (ADM1) στα πειραματικά δεδομένα το οποίο συνέβαλε στην ποσοτικοποίηση των κινητικών παραμέτρων αποικοδόμησης του ελαϊκού οξέως ως συνάρτηση της εφαρμοζόμενης προ-επεξεργασίας. Εξετάστηκε ο περιοριστικός ρόλος των ιχνοστοιχείων στην αναερόβια αποικοδομησιμότητα γαλακτωματοποιημένου ζωικού λίπους. Τα πειράματα έλαβαν χώρα σε αντιδραστήρα πλήρους ανάμιξης (CSTR) με ανακυκλοφορία της βιομάζας (contact process). Δόθηκε έμφαση στην διερεύνηση και βελτιστοποίηση ενός κατάλληλου τύπου αντιδραστήρα (CSTR και PFR) για την συν-χώνευση αγροτοβιομηχανικών αποβλήτων με λίπη και έλαια. Τέλος πραγματοποιήθηκε τεχνοοικονομική ανάλυση ως προς την δυνατότητα αναβάθμισης μιας υφιστάμενης μονάδας αναερόβιας χώνευσης από τα 500 στα 1000 kW, μέσω της προσθήκης λιπιδίων σε ποσοστό 1% v/v. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή κατέληξε στα ακόλουθα συμπεράσματα: •Η γαλακτωματοποίηση ως μέθοδος προ-επεξεργασίας διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην αναερόβια χώνευση λιπιδίων. •Τα ιχνοστοιχεία διαδραματίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην αναερόβια χώνευση αποβλήτων με υψηλή περιεκτικότητα σε λίπη. •Το μοντέλο ADM1 είναι κατάλληλο για την προσομοίωση των διεργασιών αναερόβιας χώνευση σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις. •Το περιοριστικό βήμα ως προς την αναερόβια χώνευση των διαφορετικών LCFAs που μελετήθηκαν ήταν η αποικοδόμηση του στεαρικού οξέως.

Enhancing anaerobic digestibility of lignin-rich submerged macrophyte using thermochemical pre-treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiko Koyama ◽  
Shuichi Yamamoto ◽  
Kanako Ishikawa ◽  
Syuhei Ban ◽  
Tatsuki Toda
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Macrophyte ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestibility
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