scholarly journals Treatment Options for Osteoarthritis of the Ankle: Appropriate Distinction Between Brace Treatment and Arthrodesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0021
Author(s):  
Takaaki Hirano ◽  
Yui Akiyama ◽  
Tomoko Karube ◽  
Naoki Haraguchi ◽  
Hisateru Niki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Brace Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Observation Period

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Ankle arthrodesis (fusion) for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the ankle (OA) was reported to have good therapeutic results; however, this has not been compared with conservative treatment. At this conference last year, brace treatment using an ankle-foot orthosis, Hiflex Foot Gear (HFG), was also reported to have good therapeutic results, which allows for slight mobility in the ankle joint while providing appropriate level of support for the ankle joint. On this occasion, the therapeutic results of brace treatment and fusion were compared, and treatment options for OA were examined. Methods: Subjects included nine cases and ten feet in a group that was diagnosed with stage IIIb OA or worse according to the Takakura Classification and were treated with HFG (mean age of 70.6 years, mean course observation period of 8.4 months) and nine cases and ten feet in a group that was treated with fusion for the same diagnosis (mean age of 58.1 years, mean course observation period of 25.5 months). The pre-treatment and post-treatment physician-initiated objective evaluation by the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot scale (JSSF scale) and patient-reported subjective evaluation by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association/ the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot, and subscales of Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q) were examined, and improvements in each score in two groups were compared (post-treatment vs pre-treatment) by an unpaired t-test. The validity and reliability of JSSF scale and SAFE-Q have been established by psychometric verification Results: The improvement after the treatment for the HFG group and the fusion group was observed. JSSF scores were 16.1 (p < 0.001) and 35.5 (p < 0.001), respectively, and pain and pain-related scores in the SAFE-Q were 20.8 (p = 0.021) and 35.4 (p < 0.001), respectively. Physical function and daily living were 12.8 (p < 0.001) and 18.6 (p = 0.007), respectively, while social functioning scores were 18.0 (p = 0.001) and 32.8 (p = 0.001), respectively. The JSSF score for both groups was significantly improved. In SAFE-Q, physical function and daily living improved significantly in the HFG group, while pain and pain-related improved significantly in the fusion group.

Weed Management in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn with Glyphosate, Halosulfuron, and Mesotrione

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Thomas ◽  
Ian C. Burke ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Glyphosate Formulation ◽  
Pre Treatment

Four field studies were conducted at the Peanut Belt Research Station near Lewiston Woodville, NC, in 2000, 2001, and 2002 to evaluate crop tolerance, weed control, grain yield, and net returns in glyphosate-resistant corn with various herbicide systems. Preemergence (PRE) treatment options included no herbicide, atrazine at 1.12 kg ai/ha, or atrazine plus metolachlor at 1.68 kg ai/ha. Postemergence (POST) treatment options included glyphosate at 1.12 kg ai/ha as either the isopropylamine salt or the diammonium salt, either alone or in mixtures with mesotrione at 105 g ai/ha plus crop oil concentrate at 1% (v/v) or halosulfuron at 53 g ai/ha plus 0.25% (v/v) nonionic surfactant. All response variables were independent of glyphosate formulation. Addition of metolachlor to atrazine PRE improved large crabgrass and goosegrass control but did not always improve Texas panicum control. POST control of these annual grasses was similar with glyphosate alone or in mixture with halosulfuron or mesotrione. Glyphosate POST controlled common lambsquarters and common ragweed 89 and 93%, respectively. Glyphosate plus halosulfuron POST provided more effective yellow nutsedge control than glyphosate POST. Atrazine PRE or atrazine plus metolachlor PRE followed by any glyphosate POST treatment controlledIpomoeaspp. at least 93%. Glyphosate plus mesotrione in total POST systems always provided greater control ofIpomoeaspp. than glyphosate alone. The highest yielding treatments always included glyphosate POST, either with or without a PRE herbicide treatment. Similarly, systems that included any glyphosate POST treatment had the highest net returns.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Genomic Copy Number Analysis on Sequential Samples from the CLL8 Trial: Relation Between Clonal Evolution and Defects in DNA Damage Response?

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1964-1964
Author(s):  
Jennifer Edelmann ◽  
Eugen Tausch ◽  
Johannes Bloehdorn ◽  
Thorsten Zenz ◽  
Kirsten Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Sequential Samples ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Genomic abnormalities have strong prognostic impact in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, clonal evolution has been studied in a limited number of cases and not within the setting of current standard therapy. It was therefore our aim to study changes in the composition of copy number alterations (CNA) over time with and without the influence of chemo(immuno)therapy. Sequential samples of 92 patients enrolled on the CLL8 trial of the GCLLSG were analyzed by Affymetrix® 6.0 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Since procurement of a relapse sample was a prerequisite for this study, the cohort was not representative for the CLL8 trial [21% CR (N=19), 63% PR (N=58), 13% non response (N=12), 3% missing response (N=3)]. 48 patients received Fludarabine / Cyclophosphamide (FC), 44 patients FC plus Rituximab (FCR). Samples were taken at 3 time points: pre-treatment [N=27], time of first treatment in CLL8 [N=92] and post treatment at relapse / progressive disease [N=74]. The median observation period between samples was 35 months [range: 6-127] for the pre-treatment vs. first treatment and 41 months [range: 5-87] for the first treatment vs. post treatment (relapse) comparisons. The majority of cases maintained genomic stability over time. This applied in particular for the comparison between pre-treatment and first treatment [N=21 of 27; 78%] but also for the comparison between first treatment and relapse [N=49 of 74; 66%]. The cohort was characterized by a high proportion of high-risk genomic abnormalities [30% del(11)(q22.3), 22% TP53 loss and/or mutation in the pre-treatment cohort; 36% del(11)(q22.3), 24% TP53 loss and/or mutation in the post treatment cohort]. The acquisition of novel clonal CNAs was associated with these: In the pre-treatment to first treatment comparison [N=27], only 6 [22%] cases had novel CNAs emerging over time and all of them carried an ATM loss by del(11)(q22.3). Eight cases with ATM and/or TP53 alteration and all cases without high-risk genomic aberrations [N=13] showed no evidence of clonal evolution. In the first treatment to relapse comparison [N=74], 25 [34%] cases had newly acquired CNAs at relapse and 20 of them [80%] carried high-risk genomic abnormalities [44% del(11)(q22.3), 36% TP53 loss and/or mutation]. Only 5 cases lacking ATM or TP53 alteration had newly acquired CNAs. In contrast, genomic stability was observed in 25 cases with high-risk genomic abnormalities [15 cases with del(11)(q22.3), 10 with TP53 loss and/or mutation) and 24 cases without high-risk abnormalities. No statistically significant increased incidence of clonal evolution was observed in IGHV unmutated cases [N=66 of 92] [24 (80%) cases with clonal evolution vs. 42 (70%) cases without clonal evolution, p=0.3]. Nine patients had samples available from all 3 time points. While mainly genomic stability could be observed prior to treatment, 3 cases acquired 3 novel CNAs each after therapy. Comparing both treatment arms in the post treatment cohort [N=74] revealed a higher incidence of clonal evolution after treatment with FCR [FCR: N=16 of 35, 46%; FC: N=9 of 39, 23%; p=0.04] at a similar median observation period [36 and 35 months, respectively]. Also, the mean number of newly acquired CNAs at relapse was higher in the FCR treated group [3.3 vs. 2.6]. With regard to response no statistically significant differences were observed between cases with and without clonal evolution [cases with clonal evolution: 6 (24%) CR, 17 (64%) PR, 2 (8%) non-response; without: 8 (17%) CR, 31 (66%) PR, 8 (17%) non-response, p=0.5]. Loss of clonal lesions was rare, occurring only under the selection pressure of therapy: 16 CNAs in 11 cases were not observed anymore at relapse. 3 of these CNAs were subclonal at time of first treatment [10-20% allelic burden] and might not yet have re-emerged after relapse. 5 CNAs in 4 cases were lost at relapse. The remaining 8 CNAs were del(13q) [N=5] and del(11q) [N=3] that were lost for a probably more advantageous del(13q) / del(11q) clone. The appearance of a more advantageous del(13q) / del(11q) clone was linked to a larger deletion size [N=3] or a larger discontinuous deletion very likely resulting from chromothripsis [N=3]. The results of this study support previous data of a high genomic stability in CLL cases lacking alterations of TP53 and/or ATM. However, application of chemo(immuno)therapy did slightly increase the number of cases acquiring novel clonal CNAs. Disclosures Stilgenbauer: Pharmacyclics, Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding.

Cytoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Isoforms Against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Neuronal Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0140-0151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilaga Rati Selvaraju ◽  
Huzwah Khaza’ai ◽  
Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib ◽  
Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽  
Major Mediator

Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to clarify the potential of the following vitamin E isomers, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (α-TCP), as potent neuroprotective agents against glutamate-induced injury in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Cells were treated before and after glutamate injury (pre- and post-treatment, respectively) with 100 - 300 ng/ml TRF/α-TCP. Exposure to 120 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 76 % and 79 % in the pre- and post-treatment studies, respectively; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF/α-TCP attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to the positive control (glutamate-injured cells not treated with TRF/α-TCP), pre-treatment with 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 95.2 %, 95.0 %, and 95.6 %, respectively (p < 0.05).The isomers not only conferred neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial activity and depleting free radical production, but also increased cell viability and recovery upon glutamate insult. Our results suggest that vitamin E has potent antioxidant potential for protecting against glutamate injury and recovering glutamate-injured neuronal cells. Our findings also indicate that both TRF and α-TCP could play key roles as anti-apoptotic agents with neuroprotective properties.

CONTRACEPTION BY AN INJECTABLE LONG-ACTING OESTROGEN-PROGESTOGEN AGENT. III

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Rolf Plesner
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
Secretory Type ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT Twenty-two fertile women were treated cyclically in from 4–30 cycles (mean 15.5) with a total of 341 injections of Deladroxate®, an injectable, long-acting oestrogen-progestogen. The injections were administered on the 8th (7th–9th) day of each cycle. Before treatment, the last pre-treatment cycle was controlled by means of daily recordings of the basal body temperature (BBT), urinary excretion of pregnanediol and total pituitary gonadotrophins at certain intervals, and by endometrial biopsies obtained late in the cycle. The effects of Deladroxate® on ovulation, on pituitary gonadotrophic function, and on the endometrium were controlled by the above mentioned parameters during cycles 1, 3, and 6, and all assessments were repeated after discontinuation of treatment. During treatment, there was a statistically significant fall in gonadotrophin excretion values (as compared with the pre-treatment values), and the fall was found to be gradually progressive during treatment. After discontinuation of treatment, there seemed to be a tendency towards an increase in the excretion values. Suppression of ovulation as determined by means of the pregnanediol excretion during treatment, was effective in nearly all of the treatment cycles checked. The fall in pregnanediol excretion was also gradually progressive during treatment, while there was a slight increase in excretion values in the post-treatment period. During treatment, 79 BBT curves were recorded. Nearly 50 % were monophasic, indicating anovulatory cycles, 17 curves were biphasic, but with the rise in temperature occurring at non-characteristic times in the cycles, 18 curves were classified as thermogenic because of a rise in temperature occurring within 24 hours after the injection, and 5 curves were not assessable. During the first month after discontinuation of treatment, 8 out of 10 recorded curves were monophasic. Out of 53 endometrial biopsies obtained around the 23rd day of the cycle, 31 were of the mixed phase type, but showing a predominance of proliferative patterns, 15 were of the secretory type, and 7 were purely proliferative. Out of 15 biopsies obtained in the post-treatment period, only two were of the mixed phase type, 12 were proliferative and one was purely secretory.

Antiretroviral Treatment-Associated Labia Majora Lipohypertrophy: A Rare Case and Plastic Surgical Treatment Options

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Akmal Hisham ◽  
Devananthan Ilenghoven ◽  
Wan Syazli Wan Ahmad Kamal ◽  
Salina Ibrahim ◽  
Shah Jumaat Mohd Yussof
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Labia Majora ◽  
The Face ◽  
Central Fat

The emergence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized the prognosis of HIV-infected patients. However, the extended use of HAART is associated with a disfiguring complication termed lipodystrophy, a disorder of body fat maldistribution causing peripheral fat loss (lipoatrophy) and central fat accumulation (lipohypertrophy). Lipoatrophy commonly affects the face, legs, buttocks and arm, whilst lipohypertrophy frequently favours the abdomen, breast and dorsocervical region. To our knowledge, we present only the second documented case in the literature of a labia majora lipohypertrophy in a HIV-positive patient receiving long-term HAART. The severity of labial abnormality caused significant physical and functional morbidities. Labiaplasty with dermolipectomy of the labia majora and excisional lipectomy of the mons pubis was successfully performed. At a 6-month follow-up, patient had no recurrence with resolution of symptoms and resumption of normal activities of daily living (ADL).

Pre-treatment and post-treatment visual functions in congenital myopia alone versus congenital myopia complicated by amblyopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
A. Mukhina ◽  
◽  
I. Boichuk ◽  
L. Zhuravliova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Treatment ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Relationship between metamorphopsia and inner retinal microstructure following intravitreal ranibizumab injection for branch retinal vein occlusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Sugiura ◽  
Fumiki Okamoto ◽  
Tomoya Murakami ◽  
Shohei Morikawa ◽  
Takahiro Hiraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Number Of Injections

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR) on metamorphopsia in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and to assess the relationship between metamorphopsia and inner retinal microstructure and other factors. Thirty-three treatment-naïve eyes of 33 patients with macular edema caused by BRVO with at least 12 months of follow-up were included. The degree of metamorphopsia was quantified using the M-CHARTS. Retinal microstructure was assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) at the first month after resolution of the macular edema (early DRIL) and at 12 months after treatment (after DRIL) was studied. Central retinal thickness (CRT), and status of the external limiting membrane as well as ellipsoid zone were also evaluated. IVR treatment significantly improved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CRT, but the mean metamorphopsia score did not improve even after 12 months. Post-treatment metamorphopsia scores showed a significant correlation with pre-treatment metamorphopsia scores (P < 0.005), the extent of early DRIL (P < 0.05) and after DRIL (P < 0.05), and the number of injections (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the post-treatment mean metamorphopsia score was significantly correlated with the pre-treatment mean metamorphopsia score (P < 0.05). IVR treatment significantly improved BCVA and CRT, but not metamorphopsia. Post-treatment metamorphopsia scores were significantly associated with pre-treatment metamorphopsia scores, the extent of DRIL, and the number of injections. Prognostic factor of metamorphopsia was the degree of pre-treatment metamorphopsia.

scholarly journals Comparison of Selected Immune and Hematological Parameters and Their Impact on Survival in Patients with HPV-Related and HPV-Unrelated Oropharyngeal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Adam Brewczyński ◽  
Beata Jabłońska ◽  
Agnieszka Maria Mazurek ◽  
Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak ◽  
Sławomir Mrowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Several immune and hematological parameters are associated with survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). The aim of the study was to analyze selected immune and hematological parameters of patients with HPV-related (HPV+) and HPV-unrelated (HPV-) OPC, before and after radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT) and to assess the impact of these parameters on survival. One hundred twenty seven patients with HPV+ and HPV− OPC, treated with RT alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), were included. Patients were divided according to HPV status. Confirmation of HPV etiology was obtained from FFPE (Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded) tissue samples and/or extracellular circulating HPV DNA was determined. The pre-treatment and post-treatment laboratory blood parameters were compared in both groups. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune inflammation (SII) index were calculated. The impact of these parameters on overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival was analyzed. In HPV+ patients, a high pre-treatment white blood cells (WBC) count (>8.33 /mm3), NLR (>2.13), SII (>448.60) significantly correlated with reduced OS, whereas high NLR (>2.29), SII (>462.58) significantly correlated with reduced DFS. A higher pre-treatment NLR and SII were significant poor prognostic factors for both OS and DFS in the HPV+ group. These associations were not apparent in HPV− patients. There are different pre-treatment and post-treatment immune and hematological prognostic factors for OS and DFS in HPV+ and HPV− patients. The immune ratios could be considered valuable biomarkers for risk stratification and differentiation for HPV− and HPV+ OPC patients.

scholarly journals Prognostic Relevance of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Luminal Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis in the Neoadjuvant Setting

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Antonino Grassadonia ◽  
Vincenzo Graziano ◽  
Laura Iezzi ◽  
Patrizia Vici ◽  
Maddalena Barba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Luminal Breast Cancer ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Pre Treatment

The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a promising predictive and prognostic factor in breast cancer. We investigated its ability to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with luminal A- or luminal B-HER2-negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Pre-treatment complete blood cell counts from 168 consecutive patients with luminal breast cancer were evaluated to assess NLR. The study population was stratified into NLRlow or NLRhigh according to a cut-off value established by receiving operator curve (ROC) analysis. Data on additional pre- and post-treatment clinical-pathological characteristics were also collected. Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analyses. Patients with pre-treatment NLRlow showed a significantly shorter DFS (HR: 6.97, 95% CI: 1.65–10.55, p = 0.002) and OS (HR: 7.79, 95% CI: 1.25–15.07, p = 0.021) compared to those with NLRhigh. Non-ductal histology, luminal B subtype, and post-treatment Ki67 ≥ 14% were also associated with worse DFS (p = 0.016, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, luminal B subtype, post-treatment Ki67 ≥ 14%, and NLRlow remained independent prognostic factors for DFS, while only post-treatment Ki67 ≥ 14% and NLRlow affected OS. The present study provides evidence that pre-treatment NLRlow helps identify women at higher risk of recurrence and death among patients affected by luminal breast cancer treated with NACT.

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