Assessment of indirect human exposure to environmental sources of nickel: Oral exposure and risk characterization for systemic effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katleen De Brouwere ◽  
Jurgen Buekers ◽  
Christa Cornelis ◽  
Christian E. Schlekat ◽  
Adriana R. Oller
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 547-554
Author(s):  
Jing Yin ◽  
Bao Zhang

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) has been used as a replacement in some commercial flame-retardant mixtures. It is widely used in industrial products, so the probability of human exposure to TBPH is high. Yet, little is known about how it is metabolized or its toxicity. To this end, we investigated what effect oral exposure of Balb/c mice to TBPH at concentrations of 200 mg kg−1 had on hepatic damage. Staining results showed liver injury in the mice exposed to TBPH. Oxidative stress markers and endoplasmic reticulum stress associated proteins were altered in the TBPH exposed mice, and these changes could be attenuated by administration of curcumin at 25 mg kg−1. Overall, TBPH induces hepatic damage via increasing oxidative stress, and curcumin plays a protective role in alleviating the TBPH-mediated histopathological alterations in the liver.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sznajder-Katarzyńska ◽  
Magdalena Surma ◽  
Iwona Cieślik

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely distributed across the world and are expected to be of concern to human health and the environment. The review focuses on perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and, in particular, on the most frequently discussed perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). In this study, some basic information concerning PFASs is reviewed, focusing mainly on PFAAs (perfluoroalkyl acids). We have made efforts to systemize their division into groups according to chemical structure, describe their basic physicochemical properties, characterize production technologies, and determine potential human exposure routes with particular reference to oral exposure. A variety of possible toxicological effects to human health are also discussed. In response to increasing public concern about the toxicity of PFAAs, an evaluation of dietary intake has been undertaken for two of the most commonly known PFAAs: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). As summarized in this study, PFAAs levels need further assessment due to the science-based TWI standards laid down by the EFSA’s CONTAM Panel regarding the risk to human health posed by the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food (tolerable weekly intakes of PFOA and PFOS set up to 6 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1 and 13 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1, respectively). Current legislation, relevant legislation on PFAAs levels in food, and the most popular methods of analysis in food matrices are described.


Author(s):  
Dominique Lison ◽  
Jérôme Ambroise ◽  
Riccardo Leinardi ◽  
Saloua Ibouraadaten ◽  
Yousof Yakoub ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. White ◽  
J. N. Cammack ◽  
R. J. Eyre ◽  
D. M. Wilson

In the medical device industry, risk assessment is required for product development and support, regulatory compliance, and manufacturing support. The risk assessment process can be divided into four major steps. The first step, hazard identification, involves determining whether exposure to an agent can cause an increased incidence of an adverse health condition (e.g., acute toxicity, cancer, birth defects, etc.). The next step in the risk assessment process is to characterize the dose-response relationship. Virtually all chemicals are toxic at some dose, and toxicity is dependent upon the circumstances of exposure, including the amount of substance available, the nature of contact with the substance, and the duration of contact. For both hazard identification and dose-response assessment, the use of scientifically valid data from any source, including data from published literature, is a central feature. Exposure assessment is the determination or estimation of the frequency and duration of human exposure to an agent. The last step in the risk assessment process is risk characterization. Risk characterization uses information from all three previous steps to estimate the probability of an adverse effect under the various conditions of described human exposure. All the components of risk assessment provide the framework for a working paradigm used in evaluating the safety of new or modified medical devices.


2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hochrath ◽  
S Hillebrandt ◽  
F Lammert ◽  
B Rathkolb ◽  
H Fuchs ◽  
...  

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 178-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Paul Didisheim

SummaryADP, AMP, or ATP was injected rapidly intravenously in rats. ADP injection resulted in the f olio wing transient changes: a drop in platelet count, a rise in central venous pressure, a fall in carotid arterial PO2, bradycardia, arrhythmia, flutter-fibrillation, and arterial hypotension. AMP and ATP produced some of these same effects; but except for hypotension, their frequency and severity Avere much less than those following ADP.Prior intravenous administration of acetylsalicylic acid or pyridinolcarbamate, two inhibitors of the second wave of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, significantly reduced the frequency and severity of all the above ADP-induced changes except hypotension. These observations suggest that many of the changes (except hypotension) observed to follow ADP injection are produced by platelet aggregates which lodge transiently in various microcirculatory beds then rapidly disaggregate and recirculate.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document