Anaerobic mono and co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste and landfill leachate at industrial scale: Impact of volatile organic loading rate on reaction kinetics, biogas yield and microbial diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 142462
Author(s):  
Jayanth T.A.S ◽  
Naveen Kumar Mamindlapelli ◽  
Sameena Begum ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Arelli ◽  
Sudharshan Juntupally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Organic

Development of a methanogenic process to degrade exhaustively the organic fraction of municipal “grey waste” under thermophilic and hyperthermophilic conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Scherer ◽  
G.-R. Vollmer ◽  
T. Fakhouri ◽  
S. Martensen
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Vs Removal ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Different laboratory-scale, continuously driven reactor concepts (up to 3 reactors in series, max. 70°C) for anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal grey waste were investigated. Over a period of 2½ years several setups of reactors being daily fed and held in steady state balance were investigated. The preferred variant was a 2-stage setup with a HRT of 4.3d for the 1st and 14.2d for the 2nd reactor. Removal efficiencies of VS obtained by comparing the organic loading rate (OLR, g VS/l/d) of the effluent with the OLR of the feed could reach 80%. Removal efficiencies determined indirectly by the combined biogas yield of the 1st and 2nd reactor stage revealed even up to 91.5% of the theoretical possible yield of 807 l/kgVS. The produced gas had a methane content of 60–65%. A completely distinct hydrolysis stage with a gas production of only 1.6–5.5% of the theoretical yield could be reached by hyperthermophilic conditions (60–70°C) or by a HRT of 1.25d. It also demonstrated that a stable methanogenesis was not possible at temperatures of 60–70°C. Kinetic analyses of the 2nd reactor stage revealed that the degradation of VS fell from 80 to 40% with raising organic loading rate (OLR) from 3 to 11 g VS/l/d. In contrast to this the VS-removal of the first hydrolysis reactor stage increased linearily from 5 to 20% at raising OLR's from 12 to 26 g VS/l/d. The same kinetics with linear increase exhibited the specific cellulose degradation with conversion rates of 0.1–3x109 g cellulose/single bacterium (10–12 g)/d. This was an indication for the cellulose degradation as a rate limiting step. Both reactor stages combined allowed an optimal VS removal efficiency at OLR of 10 g VS/l/d. Analysis of bacterial populations of 28 reactors were referred either to eubacteria utilizing different sugars or cellulose or acetate or H2–CO2 or archaea (plus antibiotics) with acetate or H2–CO2 as substrate. H2–CO2 utilizers with numbers of 108–1010/g TS dominated obviously the acetotrophic methanogens by the factor 10–10,000. This explained the observed short HRTs being possible.

Performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) as a hydrolysis-acidogenesis unit in treating landfill leachate mixed with municipal sewage

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wang ◽  
Y. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Biological Treatability

A study on the performance of an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor(ABR) as a hydrolysis-acidogenesis unit in treating the mixed wastewater of landfill leachate and municipal sewage in different volumetric ratios was carried out. The results showed that ABR substantially improved the biological treatability of the mixed wastewater by increasing its BOD5/COD ratio to 0.4–0.6 from the initial values of 0.15–0.3. The formation of bar-shaped granular sludge of 0.5–5 mm both in diameter and length with an SVI of 7.5–14.2 ml/g was observed in all compartments of the ABR when the organic loading rate reached 4.71 kgCOD/m3 · d. The effects of the ratios of NH4+-N/COD and COD/TP in mixed wastewater on the operational performance were also studied, from which it was found that a reasonable NH4+-N/COD ratio should be lower than 0.02, and the phosphorus supplement was needed when the volumetric ratio was higher than 4:6 for stable operation of ABR.

Effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) on Biogas Yield Using a Single and Three-Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Reactors

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro ◽  
Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo ◽  
Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Three Stages

The rate at which feedstock is added to the anaerobic digester (AD) reactor has to be adjusted for the growth rate of methanogens bacteria. Increase in biogas yield is as a result of improved mathanogens forming bacteria. Under loading and over loading of feedstock in the AD reactor has effect on methanogens forming bacteria. If more feedstock is added than the bacteria are able to degrade, the process will become acidic. Feedstock has to been fed to the reactor at a uniform rate and volume. If feeding pattern has to change, this must be done gradually so that bacteria can adapt to the new conditions. For optimum biogas yield, required amount of feedstock must be added to the AD reactor. The aim of this research work is to determine the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on biogas yield from food waste, water hyacinth, cow dung, waste water from abattoir, poultry dropping and pig dung. The experimental set up comprises of single stage and three-stage continuous AD reactors. The same quantity and composition of feedstock were used and this was subjected to a variation of OLR 0.5 kg/m3(1.5 kg/m3, 2 kg/m3, 2.5 kg/m3, and 3 kg/m3). The experiment was conducted within a mesophilic temperature range of 36°C-37°C, percentage total solid (%TS) of 9.98% and percentage volatile solid (%VS) of 78%. pH meter was used to monitored the daily pH reading of the slurry. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from the feedstock increases with increasing organic load rate to the optimum value of 1.5 kg/m3and started decreasing above the optimum value for a single stage AD reactor but this was not the case for the three-stages continuous AD reactors that experienced continuous increase in biogas yield with a successive increase in OLR from 1-5 kg/m3-3.0 kg/m3.

Effect of organic loading rate during anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiya Dhar ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Somnath Mukherjee ◽  
Atul N. Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading

Treatment of Landfill Leachate with an Upflow Anaerobic Reactor Combining a Sludge Bed and a Filter

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juu-En Chang
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Operational Characteristics

The operational characteristics, efficiency of treatment of landfill leachate, and recovery of energy in a laboratory scale hybrid bioreactor were investigated. The reactor was a continuous upflow system combining a sludge bed and a filter and was operated at 35°C. This modified anaerobic sludge bed filter (SBF) reactor was found to provide efficient treatment of the organic constituents of the leachate. Removal of soluble COD was greater than 92% at organic loading rates less than 13 kg COD/m3/d, and removal decreased to 70% with an organic loading rate of 21.77 kg COD/m3/d. A solids balance indicated that 0.041 g volatile suspended solids (VSS) were produced per gram of COD removed. The removal of sulfate and soluble Fe was as high as 90% and 96.9%, respectively. An accumulation of Fe was observed. When the influent concentration of total Fe ranged from 160 to 515 mg/l, the total Fe concentration in the sludge was as high as 7,100 mg/l after a 185 day period of operation. The sulfate loading of the system affected energy recovery. When the sulfate loading rate increased from 102 to 683 mg/l/d, energy recovery decreased from 90% to 52%. The biogas conversion factor for methane was 0.31 1 at STP per gram of COD removed.

Anaerobic digestion of Jatropha curcas L. press cake and effects of an iron-additive

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
The Stability

Oil production from Jatropha curcas L. seeds generates large amounts of Jatropha press cake (JPC) which can be utilized as a substrate for biogas production. The objective of this work was to investigate anaerobic mono-digestion of JPC and the effects of an iron additive (IA) on gas quality and process stability during the increase of the organic loading rate (OLR). With the increase of the OLR from 1.3 to 3.2 gVS L−1 day−1, the biogas yield in the reference reactor (RR) without IA decreased from 512 to 194 LN kgVS−1 and the CH4 concentration decreased from 69.3 to 44.4%. In the iron additive reactor (IAR), the biogas yield decreased from 530 to 462 LN kgVS−1 and the CH4 concentration decreased from 69.4 to 61.1%. The H2S concentration in the biogas was reduced by addition of the IA to values below 258 ppm in the IAR while H2S concentration in the RR increased and exceeded the detection limit of 5000 ppm. The acid capacity (AC) in the RR increased to more than 20 g L−1, indicating an accumulation of organic acids caused by process instability. AC values in the IAR remained stable at values below 5 g L−1. The results demonstrate that JPC can be used as sole substrate for anaerobic digestion up to an OLR of 2.4 gVS l−1 day−1. The addition of IA has effectively decreased the H2S content in the biogas and has improved the stability of the anaerobic process and the biogas quality.

scholarly journals Continuous Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Biowaste with Crude Glycerol under Mesophilic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9512
Author(s):  
Jan Sprafke ◽  
Vicky Shettigondahalli Ekanthalu ◽  
Michael Nelles
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Primary Focus

A persistent topic of the anaerobic digestion of biowaste is the efficient use of co-substrates. According to Renewable Energy Sources Act the co-substrate input is limited to 10 percent of the average daily substrate feed in Germany. In this concern, the primary focus of this paper is to understand the suitability of crude glycerol in anaerobic digestion of biowaste. Two identical lab-scale anaerobic digester units were added with crude glycerol, and each unit was equipped with four identical fermenters. Unit A was fed with an average organic loading rate of 4.5 kg VS m−3 d−1, and the average organic loading rate of unit B was set at 5.5 kg VS m−3 d−1. The share of crude glycerol in the total feed was 0.77 percent of the fresh matter. The abort criterion is a ratio of the volatile organic acids and buffer capacity (FOS/TAC) in the fermenter above 1.2. The abort criterion was reached after 16 days. In summary, the results lead us to the conclusion crude glycerol is not suitable as a co-substrate for anaerobic digestion for several reasons.

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