Elevated risk of haloacetonitrile formation during post-chlorination when applying sulfite/UV advanced reduction technology to eliminate bromate

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder with antipsychotics as primary medications, but the antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects may contribute to the elevated risk of overall morbidity and mortality in patients with psych-iatric diseases. With the development in sequencing technology and bioinformatics, dysbiosis has been shown to contribute to body weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. However, the role of gut microbiota in the antipsychotic-induced metabolic alteration remains unknown. In this paper, we reviewed the recent studies of the gut microbiota with psychiatric disorders and antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunction. Patients with neuropsychiatric disorders may have a different composi-tion of gut microbiota compared with healthy controls. In addition, it seems that the use of antipsychotics is concurrently associated with both altered composition of gut microbiota and metabolic disturbance. Further study is needed to address the role of gut microbiota in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbance, to develop novel therapeutics for both neuropsychiatric disorders and metabolic dysfunction.

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Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in surgically or medically treated primary aldosteronism: A Meta-analysis

Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System ◽

10.1177/14703203211003781 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 147032032110037

Author(s):

Ying Jing ◽

Kangla Liao ◽

Ruolin Li ◽

Shumin Yang ◽

Ying Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Treatment ◽

Primary Aldosteronism ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist ◽

Primary Endpoints ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Reduced Risk

Objectives: To compare the effect of surgical or medical treatment on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality in patients with established primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods: We searched PUBMED, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library for the meta-analysis. We included patients who were diagnosed with PA following guideline-supported protocols and received surgery or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA)-based medical treatment, and age-sex matched patients with treated essential hypertension (EH). Primary endpoints were CVD incidence and all-cause mortality. Results: Compared with EH, patients with treated PA had a higher risk of CVD [odds ratio (OR) 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–2.31]. This elevated risk was only observed in patients with medically treated PA [OR 2.11; 95%CI 1.88–2.38] but not in those with surgically treated PA. The risk of all-cause mortality was significantly lower in patients with treated PA [OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.77–0.95] compared to EH. The reduced risk was only observed in patients with surgically treated PA [OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.34–0.66], but not in those with medically treated PA. Conclusions: Patients with medically treated PA have a higher risk of CVD compared to patients with EH. Surgical treatment of PA reduces the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in patients with PA.

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Pathophysiology-based subphenotyping of individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes

Nature Medicine ◽

10.1038/s41591-020-1116-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Wagner ◽

Martin Heni ◽

Adam G. Tabák ◽

Jürgen Machann ◽

Fritz Schick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Elevated Risk

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Effect of Hypoglycemia on Heart Rate Variability in People with Type 1 Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology ◽

10.1177/19322968211007485 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193229682110074

Author(s):

Mats Koeneman ◽

Marleen Olde Bekkink ◽

Lian van Meijel ◽

Sebastian Bredie ◽

Bastiaan de Galan

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

High Frequency ◽

Sympathetic Activity ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽

Impaired Awareness ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Measurable Change

Background: People with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) are at elevated risk of severe, potentially hazardous, hypoglycemia and would benefit from a device alerting to hypoglycemia. Heart rate variability (HRV) changes with hypoglycemia due to sympathetic activity. Since IAH is associated with suppressed sympathetic activity, we investigated whether hypoglycemia elicits a measurable change in HRV in patients with T1D and IAH. Method: Eligible participants underwent a modified hyperinsulinemic euglycemic hypoglycemic clamp (glucose nadir, 43.1 ± 0.90 mg/dl), while HRV was measured by a VitalConnect HealthPatch. Measurements of HRV included Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD) and low to high frequency (LF:HF) ratio. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for testing within-subject HRV changes. Results: We included 12 participants (8 female, mean age 57 ± 12 years, mean HbA1c 57 ± 5 mmol/mol (7.4 ± 0.4%)). Symptoms increased from 4.0 (1.5-7.0) at euglycemia to 7.5 (5.0-11.0) during hypoglycemia ( P = .003). In response to hypoglycemia, the LF:HF ratio and RMSSD increased when normalized for data obtained during euglycemia (both P < .01). The LF:HF ratio increased in 6 participants (50%) and declined in one other participant (8%). The RMSSD decreased in 3 (25%) and increased in 4 (33%) participants. In 2 patients, no change in HRV could be detected in response to hypoglycemia. Conclusions: This study reveals that hypoglycemia-induced changes in HRV are retained in the majority of people with T1D and IAH, and that these changes can be detected by a wearable device. Real-time HRV seems usable for detection of hypoglycemia in patients with IAH.

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