Three exposure metrics of size-specific particulate matter associated with acute lower respiratory infection hospitalization in children: A multi-city time-series analysis in China

AbstractIncreased social contact within school settings is thought to be an important factor in seasonal outbreaks of acute respiratory infection (ARI). To better understand the degree of impact, we analysed electronic health records and compared risks of respiratory infections within communities while schools were in session and out-of-session. A time series analysis of weekly respiratory infection diagnoses from 28 family medicine clinics in Wisconsin showed that people under the age of 65 experienced an increased risk of ARI when schools were in session. For children aged 5–17 years, the risk ratio for the first week of a school session was 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.34), the second week of a session was 1.39 (95% CI 1.15–1.68) and more than 2 weeks into a session was 1.43 (95% CI 1.20–1.71). Less significant increased risk ratios were also observed in young children (0–4 years) and adults (18–64 years). These results were obtained after modelling for baseline seasonal variations in disease prevalence and controlling for short-term changes in ambient temperature and relative humidity. Understanding the mechanisms of seasonality make it easier to predict outbreaks and launch timely public health interventions.

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Influence of coarse particulate matter on chickenpox in Jiading District, Shanghai, 2009–2018: A distributed lag non-linear time series analysis

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2020.110039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 190 ◽

pp. 110039

Author(s):

Hongjie Yu ◽

Yingjian Wang ◽

Qian Peng ◽

Yueqin Shao ◽

Chunmei Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Time Series Analysis ◽

Linear Time ◽

Series Analysis ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Non Linear ◽

Coarse Particulate Matter

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Incidence and clinical picture of upper respiratory infection in children receiving zinc supplement

YARSI Medical Journal ◽

10.33476/jky.v15i1.1000 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Widagdo Widagdo

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Time Series Analysis ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Zinc Supplementation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Negative Slope ◽

Control Group ◽

Upper Respiratory Infection ◽

Series Analysis ◽

Upper Respiratory

The National Household Health Survey (1995) reported that the prevalence of upper respiratory infection (URI) in Indonesia was found 25.3% for all ages and 47.1% for the under five children. Reports of studies on the effect of zinc in the reduction of respiratory infection stated inconsistentresults. The objective of this community base study is to evaluate the effect of zinc as the attempt to reduce the incidence of URI. We have studied the effect of daily supplementation of 10 mg elemental zinc in a double blind, randomized, controlled trial consisting of 37 children (zinc group) and 36 children (control group) of 6 months - 5 years old. The distribution of preparation and monitoring of morbidity were performed regularly once a week along 2-month study period. During the 2-month study (February-April 2001) we found 24 URI cases in the zinc group and 24 cases in the control group. Time series analysis concerning the incidence and severity of the zinc group showed a negative slope (Yt: a – bx), while the placebo group showed a positive slope (Yt: a + bx). The evidence and severity of URI in zinc groups within the 1st and 2nd months showedsignificant different, while it was not in the control group. The study obviously showed the benefit of zinc supplementation in the reduction of URI as showed by negative slope in the time series analysis, and significant decreased of the incidence and the severity of URI in zinc group. There was no side effect of zinc supplemented noted. We suggest, therefore regular zinc supplementation to the diet of the children in the low economic level community are needed.

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Particulate matter of different sizes associated with acute lower respiratory infection outpatient visits in children: a counterfactual analysis in Guangzhou, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-521465/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenyu Liang ◽

Qiong Meng ◽

Qiaohuan Yang ◽

Na Chen ◽

Chuming You

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Significant Risk ◽

World Health ◽

Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽

Lower Respiratory Infection ◽

Outpatient Visits ◽

Short Term Exposure

Abstract Background The burden of lower respiratory infection is primarily borne by developing countries. However, the association between particulate matter of different sizes and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outpatient visits in developing countries is less studied. Methods We obtained data on ALRI outpatient visits (N = 105,639) from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2013 and 2019. Over-dispersed generalized additive Poisson models were employed to evaluate the excess risk (ER) associated with particulate matter [inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)]. Counterfactual analyses were used to examine the potential percent reduction of ALRI outpatient visits if the levels of air pollution were as low as those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results There were 35,310 pneumonia, 68,218 bronchiolitis, and 2,111 asthma outpatient visits included. Each 10 µg/m3 increase of three-day moving averages of particulate matter was associated with significant ER [95% confidence interval (CI)] of outpatient visits of pneumonia [PM2.5: 3.71% (2.91%, 4.52%); PMc: 9.19% (6.94%, 11.49%); PM10: 4.36% (3.21%, 5.52%)], bronchiolitis [PM2.5: 3.21% (2.49%, 3.93%); PMc: 9.13% (7.09%, 11.21%); PM10: 3.12% (2.10%, 4.15%)], and asthma [PM2.5: 3.45% (1.18%, 5.78%); PMc: 11.69% (4.45%, 19.43%); PM10: 3.33% (0.26%, 6.49%)]. The association between particulate matter and pneumonia outpatient visits was stronger among male patients and in cold seasons. Counterfactual analyses suggested that PM2.5 was associated with the largest potential decline of ALRI outpatient visits [pneumonia: 3.89%, 95% CI: (3.24%, 5.52%); bronchiolitis: 4.35% (3.06%, 4.82%); asthma: 5.98% (1.92%, 10.37%)] if the air pollutants were reduced to the level of the reference guidelines. Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 is associated with significant risk of ALRI outpatient visits, among which PM2.5 is associated with the highest potential decline in outpatient visits if it could be reduced to the WHO recommended level.

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