Combined effects of air pollution and extreme heat events among ESKD patients within the Northeastern United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 152481
Author(s):  
Richard V. Remigio ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Jochen Raimann ◽  
Peter Kotanko ◽  
Frank W. Maddux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Heat Events

scholarly journals Development of a Submonthly Temperature Product to Monitor Near-Real-Time Climate Conditions and Assess Long-Term Heat Events in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2653-2674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Rennie ◽  
Jesse E. Bell ◽  
Kenneth E. Kunkel ◽  
Stephanie Herring ◽  
Heidi Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Heat Event ◽  
Heat Events

AbstractLand surface air temperature products have been essential for monitoring the evolution of the climate system. Before a temperature dataset is included in such analyses, it is important that nonclimatic influences be removed or changed so that the dataset is considered to be homogenous. These inhomogeneities include changes in station location, instrumentation, and observing practices. Many homogenized products exist on the monthly time scale, but few daily and weekly products exist. Recently, a submonthly homogenized dataset has been developed using data and software from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information. Homogeneous daily data are useful for identification and attribution of extreme heat events. Projections of increasing temperatures are expected to result in corresponding increases in the frequency, duration, and intensity of such events. It is also established that heat events can have significant public health impacts, including increases in mortality and morbidity. The method to identify extreme heat events using daily homogeneous temperature data is described and used to develop a climatology of heat event onset, length, and severity. This climatology encompasses nearly 3000 extreme maximum and minimum temperature events across the United States since 1901. A sizeable number of events occurred during the Dust Bowl period of the 1930s; however, trend analysis shows an increase in heat event number and length since 1951. Overnight extreme minimum temperature events are increasing more than daytime maximum temperatures, and regional analysis shows that events are becoming much more prevalent in the western and southeastern parts of the United States.

A Trend Analysis of the 1930–2010 Extreme Heat Events in the Continental United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan M. Oswald ◽  
Richard B. Rood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Heat Events ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Linear Trends

AbstractExtreme heat events (EHEs) are linked to mortality rates, making them an important research subject in both the climate and public health fields. This study evaluated linear trends in EHEs using the U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN), version 2.0, dataset and quantified the longer-term EHE trends across the continental United States (CONUS). The USHCN-daily, version 1, dataset was integrated with the homogenized USHCN-monthly, version 2.0, dataset to create daily data for trend analysis. Time series and estimated trends in multiple characteristics of EHEs (number, total days, mean duration, etc.) were calculated as were the continental means and spatial maps. The differences between EHEs based on daily maximum temperatures, minimum temperatures, and both minimum and maximum temperatures were explored. To focus on warming and cooling periods, the trends were also estimated separately over the first half and second half of the study period (1930–2010). The results indicated that the trends for different EHE characteristics were coherent (e.g., temporally correlated, similar spatial pattern of trends). Maps indicated negative trends in the interior of the CONUS and positive trends in coastal and southern areas. Continental-scale increases between 1970 and 2010 were mostly offset by the decreases between 1930 and 1970. Several daily maximum (minimum) EHEs near the 1930s (2000s) led to 1930–2010 trends of daily maximum (minimum) EHEs decreasing (increasing). Last, the results suggest that linear trends depend on which daily temperature extreme is required to exceed the threshold.

scholarly journals Cumulative joint effects of air pollution and extreme heat events among hemodialysis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Remigio ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Jochen Raimann ◽  
Peter Kotanko ◽  
Frank Maddux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Heat Events

scholarly journals Impact of Extreme Heat Events on Emergency Department Visits in North Carolina (2007–2011)

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Fuhrmann ◽  
Margaret M. Sugg ◽  
Charles E. Konrad ◽  
Anna Waller
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Heat Events

scholarly journals Interdecadal Variations of Persistent Extreme Heat Events in Eastern China Under Global Warming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naihui Zang ◽  
Junhu Zhao ◽  
Pengcheng Yan ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Shankai Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
21St Century ◽  
South China ◽  
North China ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
June July ◽  
Heat Events

Abstract Persistent extreme heat events (PEHEs) exert a more negative impact on society, including agriculture, plant phenology, power production and human health, compared to general EHEs. The temporal and spatial characteristics of summer PEHEs in eastern China were analysed based on a daily maximum temperature dataset from 759 stations over the period of 1961–2018. The results show the following: Persistent distributions of PEHEs show that they are characterized by an exponential decay with a drop in the decay rate. In terms of spatial distribution, there is an apparent regional difference in the duration of PEHEs. North China is dominated by multi-frequency and short-duration EHEs, while South China is the opposite. PEHEs in North China and the Huanghuai region mainly occur in June-July but mostly in July and August in South China. Strongly responding to global warming, the frequency and duration of PEHEs in North China have increased since the 1990s. However, the frequency of PEHEs in North China and the Huanghuai region has shown opposite trends in June-July since the beginning of the 21st century. Affected by the atmospheric circulations, the regional differences in PEHE frequency are also apparent. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the PEHEs in North China and the Huanghuai area have shown an increasing trend in August. The short-term PEHEs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China increased rapidly in the 2000s, while long-term PEHEs increased in the 2010s. This study implies that attention should be paid to not only the frequency of EH days but also to the persistence of EHE which is a key characteristic of damaging EH.

Extreme Heat

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Heat Events

Extreme heat events (EHEs) are periods of high temperatures and humidity that are considered to be unusual for a specific geographic location. For example, in 1995 an extended heat wave in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States was blamed for the deaths of 550 citizens. Most of the dead were elderly, poor individuals who may not have realized that heat could kill, or who had no means of mitigating the rising temperatures in their homes or any way to escape to a cooler environment. In 2003, Europe was subjected to an EHE that is estimated to have resulted in the deaths of 70,000, with 15,000 of those deaths in Paris, France. “Extreme heat” is a relative term. Individuals adapt to their local climate, so it is difficult to use an absolute number to describe the conditions meteorologists consider a relative change from past conditions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines extreme heat as “summertime temperatures that are substantially hotter and/or more humid than average for location at that time of year.” According to the Public Health Institute’s Center for Climate Change, the state of California defines extreme heat days as those days above the 98th percentile of maximum temperatures based on 1961–1990 data for a specific location. Crucial to understanding extreme heat events is the collection of data about temperature and humidity. The US Global Change Research Program provides heat wave data spanning 1961 to 2018. The site links to a variety of programs related to global climate modeling. The National Resources Defense Council is a nongovernmental organization that has excellent maps which show change over time in the frequency of extreme heat events that overlay the human impact of these events. The National Centers for Environmental Information provides graphic data of current weather conditions along with lists of significant climate anomalies. The site has links to weather records and tools. All of these sites rely on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for their data. There are equivalent agencies all over the world. The World Meteorological Organization, part of the United Nations, is also a valuable resource for data.

scholarly journals Regional changes in extreme heat events in China under stabilized 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gu-Wei ZHANG ◽  
Gang ZENG ◽  
Vedaste Iyakaremye ◽  
Qing-Long YOU
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Heat Events
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