Effects of multiple global change factors on soil microbial richness, diversity and functional gene abundances: A meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 152737
Author(s):  
Yuqian Li ◽  
Junwei Ma ◽  
Yi Yu ◽  
Yijia Li ◽  
Xinyi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Change Factors

scholarly journals Interactive effects of global change factors on soil respiration and its components: a meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 3157-3169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyan Zhou ◽  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
Junjiong Shao ◽  
Yuanyuan Nie ◽  
Yanghui He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Change Factors

scholarly journals Biotic interactions mediate soil microbial feedbacks to climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (22) ◽  
pp. 7033-7038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Crowther ◽  
Stephen M. Thomas ◽  
Daniel S. Maynard ◽  
Petr Baldrian ◽  
Kristofer Covey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Soil Animals ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Change Factors

Decomposition of organic material by soil microbes generates an annual global release of 50–75 Pg carbon to the atmosphere, ∼7.5–9 times that of anthropogenic emissions worldwide. This process is sensitive to global change factors, which can drive carbon cycle–climate feedbacks with the potential to enhance atmospheric warming. Although the effects of interacting global change factors on soil microbial activity have been a widespread ecological focus, the regulatory effects of interspecific interactions are rarely considered in climate feedback studies. We explore the potential of soil animals to mediate microbial responses to warming and nitrogen enrichment within a long-term, field-based global change study. The combination of global change factors alleviated the bottom-up limitations on fungal growth, stimulating enzyme production and decomposition rates in the absence of soil animals. However, increased fungal biomass also stimulated consumption rates by soil invertebrates, restoring microbial process rates to levels observed under ambient conditions. Our results support the contemporary theory that top-down control in soil food webs is apparent only in the absence of bottom-up limitation. As such, when global change factors alleviate the bottom-up limitations on microbial activity, top-down control becomes an increasingly important regulatory force with the capacity to dampen the strength of positive carbon cycle–climate feedbacks.

Soil microbial responses to fire and interacting global change factors in a California annual grassland

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 63-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Docherty ◽  
Teri C. Balser ◽  
Brendan J. M. Bohannan ◽  
Jessica L. M. Gutknecht
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Annual Grassland ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
California Annual Grassland

Enzymology under global change: organic nitrogen turnover in alpine and sub-Arctic soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Weedon ◽  
Rien Aerts ◽  
George A. Kowalchuk ◽  
Peter M. van Bodegom
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Nitrogen Fluxes ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Understanding global change impacts on the globally important carbon storage in alpine, Arctic and sub-Arctic soils requires knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the balance between plant primary productivity and decomposition. Given that nitrogen availability limits both processes, understanding the response of the soil nitrogen cycle to shifts in temperature and other global change factors is crucial for predicting the fate of cold biome carbon stores. Measurements of soil enzyme activities at different positions of the nitrogen cycling network are an important tool for this purpose. We review a selection of studies that provide data on potential enzyme activities across natural, seasonal and experimental gradients in cold biomes. Responses of enzyme activities to increased nitrogen availability and temperature are diverse and seasonal dynamics are often larger than differences due to experimental treatments, suggesting that enzyme expression is regulated by a combination of interacting factors reflecting both nutrient supply and demand. The extrapolation from potential enzyme activities to prediction of elemental nitrogen fluxes under field conditions remains challenging. Progress in molecular ‘-omics’ approaches may eventually facilitate deeper understanding of the links between soil microbial community structure and biogeochemical fluxes. In the meantime, accounting for effects of the soil spatial structure and in situ variations in pH and temperature, better mapping of the network of enzymatic processes and the identification of rate-limiting steps under different conditions should advance our ability to predict nitrogen fluxes.

scholarly journals Distinct Drivers of Core and Accessory Components of Soil Microbial Community Functional Diversity under Environmental Changes

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximei Zhang ◽  
Eric R. Johnston ◽  
Yaosheng Wang ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Dashuan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Change Factors

ABSTRACT It is a central ecological goal to explore the effects of global change factors on soil microbial communities. The vast functional gene repertoire of soil microbial communities is composed of both core and accessory genes, which may be governed by distinct drivers. This intuitive hypothesis, however, remains largely unexplored. We conducted a 5-year nitrogen and water addition experiment in the Eurasian steppe and quantified microbial gene diversity via shotgun metagenomics. Nitrogen addition led to an 11-fold increase in the abundance (based on quantitative PCR [qPCR]) of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, which have mainly core community genes and few accessory community genes. Thus, nitrogen addition substantially increased the relative abundance of many core genes at the whole-community level. Water addition stimulated both plant diversity and microbial respiration; however, increased carbon/energy resources from plants did not counteract increased respiration, so soil carbon/energy resources became more limited. Thus, water addition selected for microorganisms with genes responsible for degrading recalcitrant soil organic matter. Accordingly, many other microorganisms without these genes (but likely with other accessory community genes due to relatively stable average microbial genome size) were selected against, leading to the decrease in the diversity of accessory community genes. In summary, nitrogen addition primarily affected core community genes through nitrogen-cycling processes, and water addition primarily regulated accessory community genes through carbon-cycling processes. Although both gene components may significantly respond as the intensity of nitrogen/water addition increases, our results demonstrated how these common global change factors distinctly impact each component. IMPORTANCE Our results demonstrated increased ecosystem nitrogen and water content as the primary drivers of the core and accessory components of soil microbial community functional diversity, respectively. Our findings suggested that more attention should be paid to certain components of community functional diversity under specific global change conditions. Our findings also indicated that microbial communities have adapted to nitrogen addition by strengthening the function of ammonia oxidization to deplete the excess nitrogen, thus maintaining ecosystem homeostasis. Because community gene richness is primarily determined by the presence/absence of accessory community genes, our findings further implied that strategies such as maintaining the amount of soil organic matter could be adopted to effectively improve the functional gene diversity of soil microbial communities subject to global change factors.

Negative effects of multiple global change factors on soil microbial diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 108229
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Yunqiang Wang ◽  
Huan Cheng ◽  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Change Factors

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil microbial diversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Bebber ◽  
Victoria R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes ◽  
Diversity Metrics

ABSTRACTThe Green Revolution of agriculture was in part driven by application of synthetic mineral fertilizers, largely supplanting organic manure as a source of the major nutrients nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium (NPK). Though enhancing crop production and global food security, fertilizers have contributed to soil acidification, eutrophication of water bodies, and greenhouse gas emissions. Organic agriculture, employing manures or composts, has been proposed as a way of mitigating these undesirable effects. Of particular interest is the effect of fertilizer regime on soil microbes, which are key to nutrient cycling, plant health and soil structure. Meta-analyses of experimental studies indicate that mineral fertilizer increases soil microbial biomass over unfertilized controls, and that organic fertilizers increase microbial biomass and activity over mineral fertilizers. However, the effect of fertilizers on soil microbial diversity remains poorly understood. Since biological diversity is an important determinant of ecosystem function and a fundamental metric in community ecology, the effects of fertilizer regimes on soil microbial diversity are of theoretical and applied interest. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of 31 studies reporting microbial diversity metrics in mineral fertilized (NPK), organically fertilized (ORG) and unfertilized control (CON) soils. Of these studies, 26 reported taxonomic diversity derived from sequencing, gradient gel electrophoresis, RFLP, or dilution plate assay. Functional diversity, derived from Biolog Ecoplate™ measures of carbon substrate metabolism, was reported in 8 studies, with 3 studies reporting both diversity metrics. We found that functional diversity was on average 2.6 % greater in NPK compared with CON, 6.8 % greater in ORG vs CON and 3.6 % greater in ORG vs NPK. Prokaryote taxonomic diversity was not significantly different between NPK and CON, 4.2 % greater in ORG vs CON and 4.6 % greater in ORG vs. NPK. Fungal taxonomic diversity was not significantly different between NPK or ORG vs CON, but 5.4 % lower between ORG and NPK. There was very high residual heterogeneity in all meta-analyses of soil diversity, suggesting that a large amount of further research with detailed analysis of soil properties is required to fully understand the influence of fertilizer regimes on microbial diversity and ecosystem function.

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