Embedded figures in schizophrenia: A main deficit but no specificity

Based on data from 343 subjects, results suggest that Thompson's Test of Critical Thinking Skills has reasonable item difficulty and discrimination coefficients and appears to be valid. Construct validity was investigated by administering the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Group Embedded Figures Test. Although conclusions must be considered tentative pending additional study, the results warrant continued inquiry regarding the measure's value.

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Factor Structure of Shortened Children's Embedded Figures Test for Different Age Groups

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.479 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 479-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert C. Hardy ◽

John Eliot ◽

Kenneth Burlingame

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Total Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Total Sample ◽

Factor Loadings ◽

Embedded Figures Test ◽

Embedded Figures

240 children, 24 of each sex in Grades K to 4, were administered the entire Children's Embedded Figures Test, regardless of the failure rule. Factor loadings for items from a shortened version of the test were examined for a randomly divided sample, a sample divided by sex, a sample divided in two grade groupings, and an undivided total population. Stable factors were found for the total sample and when the sample was divided by sex. Analysis indicated that the factor analysis of the shortened form was consistent with previous analyses using the total scale.

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Relation of Field Dependence to the “Philosophies of Human Nature”

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1969.24.1.197 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 197-198

Author(s):

Robert B. Duke

Keyword(s):

Human Nature ◽

Field Dependence ◽

The Other ◽

Field Independence ◽

Personality Variables ◽

Positive View ◽

Embedded Figures Test ◽

Embedded Figures ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The One

To study the function of personality variables in the perception of other people, 52 undergraduate males were administered the Philosophies of Human Nature Scale and the Embedded-figures Test. Relatively low but significant positive correlations were found between field independence and trustworthiness, altruism, and the positive view of human nature. There was no significant correlation between field independence and strength of will, independence, complexity, and variability. Apparently, the personality of the one perceiving is relevant to what is perceived in the other person.

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Authoritarian Attitudes and Field Dependence

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1968.22.1.309 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 309-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephen L. Clark

Keyword(s):

Field Dependence ◽

Short Form ◽

Cognitive Styles ◽

Embedded Figures Test ◽

Field Dependent ◽

Embedded Figures

This study sought to investigate further the dependency of authoritarian attitudes on field dependence by using a factor analytically derived measure of authoritarian attitudes, the F + D scale. 523 college Ss completed the F + D scale, and the high and low scorers were selected from the extreme ends of the male distribution of 264 Ss. 20 Ss in each extreme group were individually administered Jackson's Short Form of the Embedded Figures Test (EFT), a measure of field dependence. High F + D scorers required significantly more time to complete the EFT than did low F + D scorers. They also obtained significantly lower SCAT verbal and total scores than did low F + D scorers. These two sets of findings were interpreted as resulting from the contrasting cognitive styles of the two F + D groups. It was concluded that, as measured by the tests in this study, high F + D scorers were more field dependent and less intelligent than low F + D scorers.

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Correlations of Scores on Embedded Figures and Mirror Tracing with Preclinical Technique Grades and Pmat Scores of Dental Students

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1981.53.1.31 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stephen Wilson ◽

Richard P. Suddick ◽

Jeffrey S. Shay ◽

Frank E. Hustmyer

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Styles ◽

Dental Students ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Psychomotor Skills ◽

Motor Abilities ◽

Field Dependency ◽

Tracing Test ◽

Admissions Test ◽

Embedded Figures ◽

Mirror Tracing

For 20 dental students the relationships of field dependency, scores on the dental admissions test, grades in technique courses, and time and error scores on mirror-tracing tests were studied. Significant correlations (–.48, –.58, –.65) were found between field-dependency scores and scores on the perceptual-motor abilities subtest of the Dental Admissions Test and between mirror-tracing test and pre-clinical operative grades (–.53). These preliminary results indicate that study of the perceptual-cognitive styles of dental students is warranted to evaluate the potential utility of these measures in counseling and admissions. The mirror-tracing tests appear to have potential advantages as objective measures of psychomotor skills and learning ability.

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Spanish Children's Scores on Children's Embedded Figures and Rod and Frame Tests

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1259 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1259-1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juan Antonio Amador-Campos ◽

Teresa Kirchner-Nebot

Keyword(s):

Field Dependence ◽

Test Scores ◽

Embedded Figures Test ◽

Embedded Figures ◽

Measure Field ◽

Rod And Frame Test ◽

Rod And Frame

The Children's Embedded Figures Test and the Rod and Frame Test were administered to 179 boys and 110 girls of an average age of 9.03 years to measure field dependence-independence. No significant gender-related differences were found on either test. Scores on these tests were moderately and significantly correlated.

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Relations of Scores on Children's Embedded Figures Test with Age, Item Difficulty and Internal Consistency

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1997.85.2.675 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 675-682 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juan Antonio Amador-Campos ◽

Teresa Kirchner-Nebot

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Item Difficulty ◽

Consistency Test ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Embedded Figures Test ◽

Embedded Figures ◽

One Year ◽

Test Retest Reliability

This study analyzes the Children's Embedded Figures Test by examining its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, the order of difficulty of the items, and the change of scores with age. Among the sample 337 boys and 287 girls who were between the ages of 6 and 11 years and in the first five grades of primary school scores increased significantly. The test presented moderate internal consistency (.86), and the test-retest reliability after one year was .63. The order of difficulty of the items did not coincide with the order proposed by the test's authors and varied from grade to grade, i.e., in the Tent series Item 4 and in the House series Item 5 were among the most difficult.

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Note concerning Stability of Cognitive Style Measures in Young Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1969.28.3.933 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 933-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Albert S. Dreyer ◽

Edwin Nebelkopf ◽

Cecily A. Dreyer

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Cognitive Style ◽

Embedded Figures Test ◽

Embedded Figures

Test-retest data for the Children's Embedded-figures Test are presented for 46 children tested in kindergarten and again in Grade 1. Scores on both administrations correlated .87, indicating stability of this cognitive-style measure for these young children over a 6-mo. period.

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