field dependent
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PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262555
Author(s):  
Md. Kabir Ahamed ◽  
Marzuk Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal

Electropermeabilization is a promising phenomenon that occurs when pulsed electric field with high frequency is applied to cells/vesicles. We quantify the required values of pulsed electric fields for the rupture of cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) which are prepared under various surface charges, cholesterol contents and osmotic pressures. The probability of rupture and the average time of rupture are evaluated under these conditions. The electric field changes from 500 to 410 Vcm-1 by varying the anionic lipid mole fraction from 0 to 0.60 for getting the maximum probability of rupture (i.e., 1.0). In contrast, the same probability of rupture is obtained for changing the electric field from 410 to 630 Vcm-1 by varying the cholesterol mole fraction in the membranes from 0 to 0.40. These results suggest that the required electric field for the rupture decreases with the increase of surface charge density but increases with the increase of cholesterol. We also quantify the electric field for the rupture of GUVs containing anionic mole fraction of 0.40 under various osmotic pressures. In the absence of osmotic pressure, the electric field for the rupture is obtained 430 Vcm-1, whereas the field is 300 Vcm-1 in the presence of 17 mOsmL-1, indicating the instability of GUVs at higher osmotic pressures. These investigations open an avenue of possibilities for finding the electric field dependent rupture of cell-like vesicles along with the insight of biophysical and biochemical processes.


Author(s):  
Tuba Tekin ◽  
Isabel Blum ◽  
Bjoern Delfs ◽  
Ann-Britt Schönfeld ◽  
Bjoern Poppe ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective This study investigates the perturbation correction factors of air-filled ionization chambers regarding their depth and magnetic field dependence. Focus has been placed on the displacement or gradient correction factor Pgr. Besides, the shift of the effective point of measurement Peff that can be applied to account for the gradient effect has been compared between the cases with and without magnetic field. Approach The perturbation correction factors have been simulated by stepwise modifications of the models of three ionization chambers (Farmer 30013, Semiflex 3D 31021 and PinPoint 3D 31022, all from PTW Freiburg). A 10 cm x 10 cm 6 MV photon beam perpendicular to the chamber’s axis was used. A 1.5 T magnetic field was aligned parallel to the chamber’s axis. The correction factors were determined between 0.4 and 20 cm depth. The shift of Peff from the chamber's reference point Pref, ∆z, was determined by minimizing the variation of the ratio between dose-to-water Dw(zref+∆z) and the dose-to-air Dair(zref) along the depth. Main Results The perturbation correction factors with and without magnetic field are depth dependent in the build-up region but can be considered as constant beyond the depth of dose maximum. Additionally, the correction factors are modified by the magnetic field. Pgr at the reference depth is found to be larger in 1.5 T magnetic field than in the magnetic field free case, where an increase of up to 1% is obserbed for the largest chamber (Farmer 30013). The magnitude of ∆z for all chambers decreases by 40% in a 1.5 T magnetic field with the sign of ∆z remains negative. Significance In reference dosimetry, the change of Pgr in a magnetic field can be corrected by applying the magnetic field correction factor kB Qmsr when the chamber is positioned with its Pref at the depth of measurement. However, due to the depth dependence of the perturbation factors, it is more convenient to apply the ∆z-shift during chamber positioning in relative dosimetry.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Hayatun Nufus ◽  
Rini Dian Anggraini

Kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan gaya kognitif merupakan dua hal yang penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Begitu juga dengan materi program linier. Ketiga hal ini bisa dimaksimalkan melalui penggunaan buku ajar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penggunaan buku ajar program linier terintegrasi keislaman terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis berdasarkan gaya kognitif. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa soal tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis, soal tes gaya kognitif, angket respon mahasiswa terhadap konten materi keislaman yang terdapat pada buku ajar, angket validasi instrumen soal tes dan angket validasi instrumen angket respon mahasiswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji anova dua arah dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan uji normalitas dan homogenitas menggunakan bantuan software SPSS. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa memberikan respon yang positif terhadap penggunaan buku ajar dan kemampuan komunikasi matematis mahasiswa field independent lebih baik daripada mahasiswa field dependent, dimana hal ini sejalan dengan konsep bahwa individu field independent lebih analitik dibandingkan individu filed dependent. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini yaitu: (1) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis antara mahasiswa yang belajar menggunakan buku ajar program linier terintegrasi keislaman dengan mahasiswa yang belajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional; (2) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis antara mahasiswa dengan gaya kognitif field dependent dan field independent; dan (3) tidak terdapat interaksi antara penggunaan buku ajar dan gaya kognitif terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis mahasiswa.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Alireza Navid M G

This paper aimed to study the metacognitive awareness of reading strategies between field-dependent (FD)and field-independent (FI) Turkish EFL university students who are learning English as a foreign language. To this end, 270 students from Istanbul (Cerrahpasa) University were chosen.First, Group Embedded Figure Test was used to appoint the participants into either FD or FI groups.After this, participants’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategy was assessed by using MARSI-R (Metacognitive Awareness of reading Strategies Inventory-Revised). Recently revised by Mokhtari et al., the MARSI-R instrument contains 15 items and measures three large sets of strategies including: Global Reading Strategies (GRS), Problem-Solving Strategies (PSS) and Support Reading Strategies (SRS).The results showed that the students reported using the 3 categories of strategies almost at a high-frequency level and they were aware of their metacognitive strategies. And statistically significant difference was found between FI and FD students regarding their use of GRS and SRS, hence, the use of students’ metacognitive reading strategies was affected by their different FI/FD cognitive styles.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. François ◽  
N. Parrini ◽  
N. Boulanger

Abstract In this note, we consider how the bundle geometry of field space interplays with the covariant phase space methods so as to allow to write results of some generality on the presymplectic structure of invariant gauge theories coupled to matter. We obtain in particular the generic form of Noether charges associated with field-independent and field-dependent gauge parameters, as well as their Poisson bracket. We also provide the general field-dependent gauge transformations of the presymplectic potential and 2-form, which clearly highlights the problem posed by boundaries in generic situations. We then conduct a comparative analysis of two strategies recently considered to evade the boundary problem and associate a modified symplectic structure to a gauge theory over a bounded region: namely the use of edge modes on the one hand, and of variational connections on the other. To do so, we first try to give the clearest geometric account of both, showing in particular that edge modes are a special case of a differential geometric tool of gauge symmetry reduction known as the “dressing field method”. Applications to Yang-Mills theory and General Relativity reproduce or generalise several results of the recent literature.


Nano Letters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul V. Nguyen ◽  
Natalie C. Teutsch ◽  
Nathan P. Wilson ◽  
Joshua Kahn ◽  
Xue Xia ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Mohammad Aftab Baig ◽  
Hoang-Hiep Le ◽  
Sourav De ◽  
Che-Wei Chang ◽  
Chia-Chi Hsieh ◽  
...  

Abstract In this paper, multiple-fin n- and p-channel HfZrO2 ferroelectric-FinFET devices are manufactured using a gate first process with post metalization annealing. The device transfer characteristics upon program and erase operations are measured and modeled. The drift in the transfer characteristics due to depolarization field and charge injection are captured using the shift in the threshold voltage along with time-dependent modeling of vertical field dependent mobility degradation parameters to develop a physical, computationally efficient, and accurate retention model for ferroelectric-FinFET devices. The modeled conductance is incorporated into deep neural network simulation platform CIMulator to analyze the role of conductance drift due to retention degradation, as well as the importance of the gap between high and low conductance states in improving the image recognition accuracy of neural networks.


Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Takeuchi ◽  
Tomoko Mizutani ◽  
Takuya Saraya ◽  
Masaharu Kobayashi ◽  
Toshiro HIRAMOTO

Abstract A simple MOSFET series resistance extraction method using multiple drain current vs. gate voltage curves of a single device is proposed, where mobility modulation by horizontal electric field (i.e., weak velocity saturation) is taken into account. The method is validated using TCAD, where series resistance determined from internal potential distributions was used as reliable reference. Measurement results were also obtained which further support the validity of the method.


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