Impact of removal of natural organic matter from surface water by ion exchange: A case study of pilots in Belgium, United Kingdom and the Netherlands

In this study Natural organic matter (NOM) characteristics and variations of catchment samples (brooks and collector lakes) from Western Finland, and drinking water produced from the same catchment were examined. Seasonal and spatial NOM variations were followed by means of DOC and HPLC-SEC with UV and fluorescence detection. NOM decreased from drains to lakes by 35 to 75% and from drains to drinking water by 73 to 94%. Drains had a higher NOM content in summer and a lower NOM content in winter and spring. Lakes showed inverse patterns and had a higher NOM content in winter and spring and a lower NOM content in summer. HPLC-SEC separated 8 molecular weight fractions. In drains the HMW fractions represented up to 80% of the NOM, in lake waters HMW fractions accounted for 50 to 70% of the NOM. In drinking water IMW fractions dominated. Increased NOM in raw water during winter was associated with increased IMW fractions and the appearance of HMW fractions in drinking water, DOC increasing from 1.4 mg C/L in summer to 5.8 mg C/L in winter. SPH-Tryptophan correlated with the dissolved organic nitrogen and DOC of the samples. The drain affected by agriculture generally presented higher SPH-Tryptophan values than the unaffected drain.

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Long-term performance of biological ion exchange for the removal of natural organic matter and ammonia from surface waters

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nargess Amini ◽

Isabelle Papineau ◽

Veronika Storck ◽

Pierre R. Bérubé ◽

Madjid Mohseni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance

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Transport characterizations of natural organic matter in ion-exchange membrane for water treatment

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2002.0202 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2 (5-6) ◽

pp. 445-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D.H. Kim ◽

S.-H. Moon ◽

J. Cho

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Ionic Strength ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Organic Fouling ◽

Adsorbed Mass ◽

Pass Through ◽

Exchange Membrane

A series of adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the factors affecting the transport of natural organic matter (NOM) in an ion-exchange (IX) membrane. In this study, the structure of the NOM was hypothesized to be an important factor in terms of the organic fouling of IX membrane. It was found that the adsorbed mass of hydrophobic NOM constituent on the membrane surface was higher than that of either the hydrophilic or transphilic NOM constituent. NOM adsorption was seriously affected by the apparent charge of the NOM. As the apparent charge increased, NOM adsorption also significantly increased. Moreover, the molecular mass of the hydrophobic NOM acids was too high to enable them to pass through the IX membrane, and this caused an accumulated adsorption of solutes on the membrane surface, i.e. NOM fouling. In addition, both pH and ionic strength affected NOM adsorption on the surface of the IX membrane. Lower NOM adsorption resulted from a lower pH and a higher ionic strength.

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Adsorptive Removal of Natural Organic Matter during Drinking Water Treatment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0472 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 183-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. G. J. Heijman ◽

A. M. van Paassen ◽

W. G. J. van der Meer ◽

R. Hopman

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Exchange Resin ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Ion Exchange Resin ◽

Batch Experiments ◽

Colour Removal ◽

Adsorptive Removal ◽

First Choice

For the removal of DOC (and colour) several treatment steps are suggested. If it is also necessary to remove hardness nanofiltration is probably the first choice. For colour removal without softening a number of adsorbents are suggested in the literature. In order to estimate the costs of these treatment steps a dynamic column model based on batch experiments was used to predict the service time of the columns filled with different adsorbents. Also the (on site) regeneration of the different adsorbents was investigated in batch experiments. Especially the ion exchange resin was very promising. The costs of the treatment of one m3 water with a column filled with an ion exchange resin was estimated for the investigated case at 0.05 Euro.

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Investigating Assessment Standards in the Netherlands, Italy, and the United Kingdom

Shaping the Future Through Standardization - Advances in Standardization Research ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2181-6.ch003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-94

Author(s):

Sabrina Petersohn ◽

Sophie Biesenbender ◽

Christoph Thiedig

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Great Britain ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Research Evaluation ◽

Research Information ◽

Evaluation Procedures ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Assessment Standards ◽

Responsible Research

The following contribution asks which role standards for research information play in practices of responsible research evaluation. The authors develop the notion of assessment standards against the background of functional standard classifications. The development of semantic and procedural assessment standards in the national research evaluation exercises of the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Italy are investigated using a qualitative case study design. A central finding of the study is that assessment standards incorporate conflicting values. A continuous tradeoff between the transparency of evaluation procedures and provided information as well as the variety of research outputs is being counterbalanced in all countries by compensating a higher level of semantic standardization with lower degrees of procedural standardization.

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