Natural organic matter from catchment to drinking water: a case study of Pori waterworks, Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Szabo ◽  
I. Lindfors ◽  
T. Tuhkanen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Uv And Fluorescence Detection

In this study Natural organic matter (NOM) characteristics and variations of catchment samples (brooks and collector lakes) from Western Finland, and drinking water produced from the same catchment were examined. Seasonal and spatial NOM variations were followed by means of DOC and HPLC-SEC with UV and fluorescence detection. NOM decreased from drains to lakes by 35 to 75% and from drains to drinking water by 73 to 94%. Drains had a higher NOM content in summer and a lower NOM content in winter and spring. Lakes showed inverse patterns and had a higher NOM content in winter and spring and a lower NOM content in summer. HPLC-SEC separated 8 molecular weight fractions. In drains the HMW fractions represented up to 80% of the NOM, in lake waters HMW fractions accounted for 50 to 70% of the NOM. In drinking water IMW fractions dominated. Increased NOM in raw water during winter was associated with increased IMW fractions and the appearance of HMW fractions in drinking water, DOC increasing from 1.4 mg C/L in summer to 5.8 mg C/L in winter. SPH-Tryptophan correlated with the dissolved organic nitrogen and DOC of the samples. The drain affected by agriculture generally presented higher SPH-Tryptophan values than the unaffected drain.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in the Sediments of Six Water Sources in Taihu Lake, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Yang ◽  
Xueyu Wei ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jincheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Release ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

KCl-extractable sediment dissolved organic nitrogen (KS-DON) extracted from sediments near drinking water intakes of six drinking water sources in Taihu Lake in China was partitioned into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions and high/low molecular weight fractions. The results showed that the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) contents of the extracts ranged from 67.78 to 128.27 mg/kg. KS-DON was the main TDN species, accounting for more than 50%, with NH4+-N and NO3−-N averaging 30% and 20%, respectively. The molecular weight fractions of <1 kDa accounted for almost half of KS-DON. Hydrophilic compounds accounted for more than 75% of KS-DON. Three fluorescence peaks were identified: soluble microbial byproducts (A); protein-like substances (B); and humic acid-like substances (C). It is concluded that the KS-DON in Taihu Lake sources has higher bioavailability and higher risk of endogenous release. Ecological dredging and establishment of constructed wetlands are possible measures to reduce the release of endogenous nitrogen.

Differentiation of wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) from natural organic matter (NOM) using multiple analytical techniques

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Nam Nam ◽  
Gary Amy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Effluent Organic Matter ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Using three analytical techniques of size exclusion chromatography (SEC), fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) measurement, differentiating characteristics of effluent organic matter (EfOM) from natural organic matter (NOM) have been investigated. SEC reveals a wide range of molecular weight (MW) for EfOM and high amount of high MW polysaccharides, and low MW organic acids compared to NOM. Clear protein-like peaks using fluorescence EEM were a major feature of EfOM distinguishing it from NOM. Fluorescence index (FI), an indicator to distinguish autochthonous origin from allochthonous origin, differentiated EfOM from NOM by exhibiting higher values, indicating a microbial origin. In EfOM samples, DON present in higher amounts than NOM.

scholarly journals PENYISIHAN KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK ALAMI PADA AIR BAKU UNTUK PRODUKSI AIR MINUM DENGAN KOMBINASI PRE-OKSIDASI DAN KOAGULASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus Kamal ◽  
Euis Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
By Products

Kehadiran NOM menurunkan kualitas air baku untuk air minum dengan mengubah sifat organoleptik, mengganggu sistem pengendapan dan meningkatkan penggunaan koagulan, menyebabkan penyumbatan pada saringan dan distribusi air minum. Komponen NOM, seperti humic acids (HA) dan fulvic acids (FA) yang bereaksi dengan logam berat menyebabkan terbentuknya senyawa toksik dan berkontribusi terhadap pembentukan disinfection by products (DBPs) yang menyebabkan potensi adanya senyawa karsinogenik dalam pengolahan air minum secara konvensional. Salah satu metode penyisihan bahan organik dalam air adalah dengan peningkatan proses koagulasi, dengan pretreatment sebelum proses koagulasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi terhadap penyisihan bahan organik pada air Kali Jagir yang digunakan untuk produksi air minum. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, konsentrasi TOC pada air baku sebesar 11,67  mg/liter dan nilai UV absorbansi 254 nm sebesar 0,10895 cm-1, sehingga diperoleh nilai SUVA sebesar 0,934 L/mg/cm, sehingga diketahui karakteristik pada air Kali Surabaya yang cenderung hidrofilik dengan berat molekul rendah dan kebanyakan bukan humik yang mengindikasikan bahwa air tersebut dihasilkan dari kegiatan domestik dan industri. Pada kombinasi pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi, CaOCl2 dengan dosis 25 mg/liter mampu menurunkan TOC dari 11,67 mg/liter menjadi 9,11 mg/liter, sedangkan permanganat dengan dosis 0,8 mg/liter hanya mampu menurunkan TOC dari 11,67 mg/liter menjadi 11,25 mg/liter. Kombinasi pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi mampu menurunkan bahan organik aromatik, ditunjukkan dengan nilai absorbansi UV210 air baku yaitu 1,4983 cm-1 menjadi 1,2720 cm-1 dengan pre-oksidasi KMnO4-koagulan Al2(SO4)3 dan 1,3152 cm-1 pada pre-oksidasi CaOCl2-koagulan Al2(SO4)3. Kata kunci: bahan organik alami, koagulasi, pre-oksidasi. The presence of NOM reduces air quality for drinking water with changes in organoleptic properties, deposition systems and increased use of coagulants, blockages in filters and distribution of drinking water. NOM components, such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) which are printed with heavy metals cause the formation of toxic compounds and contribute to product disinfection (DBPs) which produce potential carcinogenic compounds in conventional drinking water treatment. One method of removing organic matter in water is by increasing the coagulation process, with pretreatment before the coagulation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre-oxidation and coagulation on the removal of organic material in Kali Jagir water used for the production of drinking water. Based on the results of the analysis, TOC concentration in raw water is 11.67 mg/liter and UV absorbance value 254 nm is 0.10895 cm-1, so that the SUVA value is 0.934 L/mg/cm, so it is known the characteristics of the Surabaya River water which tend to be hydrophilic with low molecular weight and most not humic which indicates that the water is produced from domestic and industrial activities. In a combination of preoxidation and coagulation, CaOCl2 with a dose of 25 mg/liter was able to reduce TOC from 11.67 mg/liter to 9.11 mg/liter, while permanganate at a dose of 0.8 mg/liter was only able to reduce TOC from 11,67 mg/liter to 11.25 mg/liter. The combination of preoxidation and coagulation is able to reduce aromatic organic matter, indicated by the absorbance value of UV210 of raw water, namely 1.4983 cm-1 to 1.2720 cm-1 with the KMnO4-coagulant Al2(SO4)3 and 1.3152 cm-1 preoxidation in preoxidation CaOCl2-coagulant (SO4)3. Keywords: natural organic matter, coagulation, pre-oxidation.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Variation of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids Concentration in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Queensland, Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S5618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Knight ◽  
Kalinda Watson ◽  
Stewart Carswell ◽  
Eva Comino ◽  
Glen Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

A broad survey of regulated trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA) concentrations in Queensland drinking water was undertaken and the data were evaluated to assess the overall compliance of the region to Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). The results presented here indicate that drinking water total trihalomethane (tTHM) concentrations were predominantly compliant with ADWG, with regions using chlorination being the only regions that exceeded the ADWG for THM. tTHM levels were highest in chlorinated water, whereas levels in combined chlorinated/chloraminated water were much lower. Chloraminated water produced the lowest tTHM levels in the regions examined. tTHM levels generally increased during summer and decreased in winter regardless of disinfection method. Surface waters formed a higher proportion of more highly chlorinated THM species relative to more highly brominated THM species, whereas bore water had a higher proportion of more highly brominated THM species due to the frequently higher bromide concentration and lower natural organic matter (NOM) concentration of these waters. The majority of regions were continuously compliant with ADWG for HAA concentrations, with primarily the trichloroacetic acid guideline value being exceeded, in chlorinated waters only.

Experiences from Operation and Regeneration of an Anionic Exchanger for Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Removal

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hongve ◽  
J. Baann ◽  
G. Becher ◽  
O.-A. Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Colloidal Aggregates ◽  
Anionic Exchange ◽  
Drinking Water Purification

Anionic exchange is an alternative to traditional drinking water purification processes when the main problem is a high concentration of natural organic matter (NOM) in the raw water. A few treatment plants employing anionic exchange have recently been installed in Norway. Some of these have after some time experienced increasing colour of the processed water. In the present study we show that the resin selectively adsorbs fulvic acid from the water while colloidal aggregates of humic substances and iron, which also contributes to the water colour, are nearly unaffected by the treatment. The treatment efficiency is successively reduced as the resin becomes fouled with iron from the raw water. Resin cleaning with hydrochloric acid had little effect, while treatment with a sodium dithionite solution resulted in full recovery of the treatment efficiency.

Coagulation/flocculation/ultrafiltration for natural organic matter removal in drinking water production

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Costa ◽  
M.N. de Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drinking Water Production

Membrane fouling by natural organic matter (NOM), namely by humic substances (HS), is a major problem in water treatment for drinking water production using membrane processes. Membrane fouling is dependent on membrane morphology like pore size and on water characteristics namely NOM nature. This work addresses the evaluation of the efficiency of ultrafiltration (UF) and Coagulation/Flocculation/UF performance in terms of permeation fluxes and HS removal, of the water from Tagus River (Valada). The operation of coagulation with chitosan was evaluated as a pretreatment for minimization of membrane fouling. UF experiments were carried out in flat cells of 13.2×10−4 m2 of membrane surface area and at transmembrane pressures from 1 to 4 bar. Five cellulose acetate membranes were laboratory made to cover a wide range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO): 2,300, 11,000, 28,000, 60,000 and 75,000 Da. Severe fouling is observed for the membranes with the highest cut-off. In the permeation experiments of raw water, coagulation prior to membrane filtration led to a significant improvement of the permeation performance of the membranes with the highest MWCO due to the particles and colloidal matter removal.

scholarly journals Benthic fluxes of dissolved organic nitrogen in the lower St. Lawrence estuary and implications for selective organic matter degradation

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7609-7622 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alkhatib ◽  
P. A. del Giorgio ◽  
Y. Gelinas ◽  
M. F. Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Internal Source ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Element Partitioning ◽  
Sediment Porewaters ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Abstract. The distribution of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC) in sediment porewaters was determined at nine locations along the St. Lawrence estuary and in the gulf of St. Lawrence. In a previous manuscript (Alkhatib et al., 2012a), we have shown that this study area is characterized by gradients in the sedimentary particulate organic matter (POM) reactivity, bottom water oxygen concentrations, and benthic respiration rates. Based on the porewater profiles, we estimated the benthic diffusive fluxes of DON and DOC in the same area. Our results show that DON fluxed out of the sediments at significant rates (110 to 430 μmol m−2 d−1). DON fluxes were positively correlated with sedimentary POM reactivity and varied inversely with sediment oxygen exposure time (OET), suggesting direct links between POM quality, aerobic remineralization and the release of DON to the water column. DON fluxes were on the order of 30 to 64% of the total benthic inorganic fixed N loss due to denitrification, and often exceeded the diffusive nitrate fluxes into the sediments. Hence they represented a large fraction of the total benthic N exchange, a result that is particularly important in light of the fact that DON fluxes are usually not accounted for in estuarine and coastal zone nutrient budgets. In contrast to DON, DOC fluxes out of the sediments did not show any significant spatial variation along the Laurentian Channel (LC) between the estuary and the gulf (2100 ± 100 μmol m−2 d−1). The molar C / N ratio of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in porewater and the overlying bottom water varied significantly along the transect, with lowest C / N in the lower estuary (5–6) and highest C / N (> 10) in the gulf. Large differences between the C / N ratios of porewater DOM and POM are mainly attributed to a combination of selective POM hydrolysis and elemental fractionation during subsequent DOM mineralization, but selective adsorption of DOM to mineral phases could not be excluded as a potential C / N fractionating process. The extent of this C- versus N- element partitioning seems to be linked to POM reactivity and redox conditions in the sediment porewaters. Our results thus highlight the variable effects selective organic matter (OM) preservation can have on bulk sedimentary C / N ratios, decoupling the primary source C / N signatures from those in sedimentary paleoenvironmental archives. Our study further underscores that the role of estuarine sediments as efficient sinks of bioavailable nitrogen is strongly influenced by the release of DON during early diagenetic reactions, and that DON fluxes from continental margin sediments represent an important internal source of N to the ocean.

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