Biocompatible magnetic flocculant for efficient harvesting of microalgal cells: Isotherms, mechanisms and water recycling

Abstract A small diameter water well drilled in 1977 in the Town of Bulyea, Saskatchewan generated such a rapid plugging (biofouling) that by 1979 the flow rate was reduced by 59%. Heavy growths of non-specific iron bacteria were found in the water and biofouling projected to be the principal cause of the flow loss. Tyndallization (repeated pasteurizations) treatment was applied using a hot water recycling system installed above the well head. Using a displacement passive gravity direct injection of hot water at 82°C from a water heater into the well, a sequential elevation of water column temperatures occurred until bio-film dispersion occurred (pasteurization) at 45°C+. A recovery to original flow specifications was repeatedly obtained at time intervals ranging from 6 to 403 days. Between treatments, a recurrence of biofouling was noted with flow reductions of 0.06 – 0.07 1/min/day frequently being noted. The rate of plugging appeared to be affected by the previous sequence of pasteurization treatments. Tyndallization was found to satisfactorily control iron bacterial biofouling and maintain flow rates.

Download Full-text

Water Recycling: Review and Background

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1982.0173 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 14 (9-11) ◽

pp. 1385-1392

Author(s):

K D Linstedt

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Public Acceptance ◽

Institutional Constraints ◽

Water Recycling ◽

Quality Cost ◽

The World ◽

Resource Situation

A review is provided of the world water resource situation. Water reuse is discussed as a means of augmenting conventional supplies, with types of potential reuse applications identified. Considerations of water quality, cost, public acceptance, and institutional constraints are discussed for their impact on decisions regarding implementation of water reuse.

Download Full-text

Current water recycling initiatives in Australia: scenarios for the 21st century

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0659 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (10-11) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

John M. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Urban Design ◽

21St Century ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

River Basins ◽

Advanced Treatment ◽

Water Recycling ◽

Water Diversions ◽

Beneficial Reuse ◽

Current Water

Australia is a relatively dry continent with an average runoff of 50 mm per year. The use of water resources in some river basins is approaching the limits of sustainability. Some adverse environmental impacts have been observed resulting from water diversions and from both reclaimed water and stormwater discharges. The paper describes current water recycling initiatives in Australia. These include: beneficial reuse of reclaimed water for urban, residential, industrial and agricultural purposes; recycling of greywater and stormwater; advanced treatment using membrane technology; and water efficient urban design. Some possible water recycling scenarios for Australia in the 21st century are examined. The implications of these scenarios are discussed.

Download Full-text