Water Recycling: Review and Background

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1385-1392
Author(s):  
K D Linstedt
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Quality Cost ◽  
The World ◽  
Resource Situation

A review is provided of the world water resource situation. Water reuse is discussed as a means of augmenting conventional supplies, with types of potential reuse applications identified. Considerations of water quality, cost, public acceptance, and institutional constraints are discussed for their impact on decisions regarding implementation of water reuse.

scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse in Spain. Current Situation and Perspectives

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Jodar-Abellan ◽  
María Inmaculada López-Ortiz ◽  
Joaquín Melgarejo-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
European Union ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Water Planning ◽  
Structural Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Access To Water

The issues of wastewater treatment and the reuse of water are of great importance, especially in areas where the shortage of conventional resources is a structural problem, as it is in the case of Spain. Wastewater reuse is a valid mechanism to avoid problems derived from droughts and water scarcity. It allows access to water resources in areas with water restrictions and to prevent futures scenarios, due to it being expected that water consumption will double by 2050 over the world. Thus, the likelihood that this unconventional, strategic resource would become scarce is unquestionable, particularly in cases where water planning and exploitation systems prioritize the preservation, protection, and improvement of water quality, as well as the sustainable and efficient use of natural resources. This paper shows how wastewater treatment and reuse are linked, as the reuse of wastewater is associated with a previous regeneration, and both of them are essential tools for maximizing environmental outcomes, as called for in the European Union Directives.

scholarly journals Frontier: Drainage Water Recycling in the Humid Regions of the U.S.: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Hay ◽  
Benjamin D. Reinhart ◽  
Jane R. Frankenberger ◽  
Matthew J. Helmers ◽  
Xinhua Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
List Type ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Advance Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water Reuse

HighlightsDrainage water recycling captures and stores agricultural drainage water for reuse as supplemental irrigation.Drainage water recycling can both increase crop production and benefit downstream water quality.Depending on management, drainage water recycling can also provide other complementary benefits.Research needs to advance drainage water recycling are presented and discussed. Keywords: Drainage water quality, Drainage water reuse, Subsurface drainage, Supplemental irrigation, Agricultural resiliency.

International guidelines for water recycling: microbiological considerations

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Gerba ◽  
J.B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
The World

The World Health Organization and others have proposed international guidelines for the safe reuse of domestic wastewater. Treatment and microbial standards have been suggested with varying microbial water quality targets to suit local circumstances of affordability and health risks. However, it is important to recognize that universal application of bacterial standards for water quality assessment will not yield the same risks from microbial pathogens in reclaimed wastewater around the world. The concentration and types of pathogens in raw wastewater varies from one region of the world to another depending on the incidence in the community. This is influenced by the general hygiene, season, and per capita water use. Also, different treatment processes may be more effective in removing indicator bacteria and certain groups of pathogens than others. Proposed guidelines have also neglected the importance of water in the transmission of viral and bacterial diseases in developed countries and their impact on morbidity and mortality. Additional research is needed to better reduce the uncertainly of proposed guidelines for water recycling and to better define the risks associated to the exposed populations.

Reclaimed municipal wastewater - a potential water resource in China

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Pinjing ◽  
L. Phan ◽  
Gu Guowei ◽  
G. Hervouet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Resource Shortage

Due to water resource shortage and socio-economic development within twenty years, China faces serious problems of water supply and water pollution. Several criteria and suitable reclamation processes related to water reuse have been created in China, which are helpful to improve the situation of water scarcity. In the future, reclaimed municipal wastewater reuse will mainly be developed for urban and industrial use. Potential supply quantity of reclaimed water, quality of reclaimed water, and reclamation cost are favorable to potential reuses. Based on further public environmental education, on a relevant development of national and local standards for reclaimed water quality, and on an increase of sanitary rate, more and more planned reclaimed water reuse projects would be expected in China.

scholarly journals Reusing System of the ballast water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirollos Mounir
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Test Plan ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
The World ◽  
Design Requirements

Abstract Increasing water consumption is a problem faced by the world; one of its solutions is reusing water. Reuse is about changing processes that result in polluted water byproducts so that the resulting water is usable again. Our major problem is to reuse unusable or polluted water. We are not treating the water, but we are changing processes to make water byproducts usable again in the same process or even a different process. Our solution is to reuse ballast water in transporting oil. Oil ships are heading from one country to another, and they are loaded with oil. These ships return to be loaded with ballast water instead of oil to prevent the risk of overturning this ship. In other words, the ballast water is used to make the ship stable which is the purpose of the ballast water to return to their original countries in peace. Our goal is to purify this ballast water mixed with oil residues by relying on the density difference. The first step is to place a source of solid air in the tanks to provide some bubbles inside the tank. Secondly, put some of the iron peels inside the tanks to stick these peels with the bubbles, then by a magnetic field attracts the pollutant bubbles attached to the iron scales, and the ballast water remains in the tank to be used again. Before writing a test plan, we demonstrated two design requirements. The first one is ballast water quality which has two parts the turbidity and oil, grease, and all extractable matter by chloroform in the water, while the second design requirement is the environmental impact. By making a test, the results were astounding because it achieved the design requirements that we put into making this project applicable for reusing this polluted water after purifying it.

Urban stormwater harvesting: a valuable water resource of Singapore

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Lim ◽  
Y. H. Leong ◽  
K. N. Tiew ◽  
Harry Seah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Stormwater Harvesting ◽  
Urban Catchments

Increasing water demand due to socioeconomic developments and reducing fresh water sources caused by pollution and global climate change which alters the hydrologic cycle, have imposed severe water stress to many countries in the world. Singapore was among the first cities in the world to harvest stormwater from urban catchments to supplement its water supply. Strategic water resource policies with holistic, well coordinated land use and integrated catchment management were the prerequisites for stormwater harvesting. Water sampling campaigns and evaluation of past 20 years’ water quality data of the stormwater reservoirs showed that the pollutant loads to the receiving reservoirs are very low compared to the stormwater pollutant data reported by Makepeace et al. (1995) who reviewed the past 25 years’ international literature; and that the water quality of the stormwater reservoirs is good and comparable with a protected upland reservoir, and do not pose any significant health risks. The paper concluded that with effective pollutant source management, urban stormwater harvesting is a feasible means to supplement the water supply in cities with high rainfall.

Management of Water Quality in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Woodley
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Management Issue ◽  
Reef System ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
Coral Reef System

The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world. It is recognised and appreciated worldwide as a unique environment and for this reason has been inscribed on the World Heritage List. The Reef is economically-important to Queensland and Australia, supporting substantial tourism and fishing industries. Management of the Great Barrier Reef to ensure conservation of its natural qualities in perpetuity is achieved through the establishment of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The maintenance of water quality to protect the reef and the industries which depend on it is becoming an increasingly important management issue requiring better knowledge and possibly new standards of treatment and discharge.

Wastewater Reuse for River Recovery in Semi-Arid Israel

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Juanico ◽  
Eran Friedler
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Semi Arid

Most of the water has been captured in the rivers of Israel and they have turned into dry river-beds which deliver only sporadic winter floods. In a semi-arid country where literally every drop of water is used, reclaimed wastewater is the most feasible water source for river recovery. Two topics are addressed in this paper: water quality management in rivers where most of the flowing water is treated wastewater, and the allocations of reclaimed wastewater required for the recovery of rivers and streams. Water quality management must consider that the main source of water to the river has a pollution loading which reduces its capability to absorb other pollution impacts. The allocation of treated wastewater for the revival of rivers may not affect negatively the water balance of the region; it may eventually improve it. An upstream bruto allocation of 122 MCM/year of wastewater for the recovery of 14 rivers in Israel may favor downstream reuse of this wastewater, resulting in a small neto allocation and in an increase of the water resources available to the country. The discharge of effluents upstream to revive the river followed by their re-capture downstream for irrigation, implies a further stage in the intensification of water reuse.

Responsible Water Recycling: Decentralized Solutions for Water Reuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (15) ◽  
pp. 880-897
Author(s):  
Tristian Bounds ◽  
Pete Munoz ◽  
Jeff Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Recycling
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document